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social groups in lan
gender,sexuality,class etc.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The deficit model Robin Lakoff 1975 | male way of speaking is 'normal', women's is inferior difference as a result of differing needs in gender social status is more important to women, so they make a greater effort to conform women are expected to behave better, use 'correct' speech |
| The difference model Deborah Tannen 1990 | men and women each use language in specific ways because they are socialised differently, not specifically because men have more power than women but because they want different things out of conversation men use 'report talk', women have 'rapport' talk |
| Tannen difference model gendered differences in conversations | independence vs intimacy advice vs understanding information vs feelings orders vs proposals conflict vs compromise status vs support |
| The dominance model Robin Lakoff 1975 | males have more power than females in society and that is reflected in their language choices e.g because of their perceived status women tend to use language that implies their lower status |
| Robin Lakoff 1975 dominance- language that implies women's lower status | hedges-'it's a bit' diminutives-'cutie','sweetie' tag questions-'isn't it?' intonations-was it...?'--implies uncertainty empty adjectives-'lovely' intensifiers-'so' modal verbs-'could' avoid direct requests/commands |
| gender definition in linguistics | The concept which assigns gender, masculine, feminine to social language use |
| Lakoff sexuality theory | compares male speech traits to women's finding gay men consciously talk more feminine this can be challenged as it assumes all gay men fit into the stereotype of being effeminate |
| Bill leap | suggests that the LGBT community communicate with each other in ways that are 'different from the linguistic practices of non-lesbian/gay identifying persons' characterised by acronyms, plays on words,double meanings and a range of specific lexis |
| 1990- emergence of the word 'queer' | some used the term as a self-label, however many used it as pejorative term over time the term has been reclaimed by the LGBT community |
| Brighton 2012- criticism of gender neutral pronouns | Mx was suggested as a gender neutral pronoun by the council many newspapers criticised this 'Now the PC brigade want to stop calling us "Mr and Mrs"'-The Sunday express 'council proposes scrapping 'Mr' and 'Mrs' from forms'-The daily telegraph |
| 'Lavender linguistics' and Polari | often used to refer to the language of LGBT speakers, in the 1950s and 60s gay men (especially in London) spoke Polari, a coded form of language that allowed them to speak publicly about their sexuality |
| examples of Polari | camp naff (rubbish) bijou (small) crimper (hairdresser) dizzy ( scatter-brained) scarper ( run off) dish (attractive) bevvy (drink) slap ( make-up) |
Created by:
emsteel
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