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Chemistry in Biology
Ch 6 Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter. |
| Nucleus | Center of an atom. |
| Protons | Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Neutrons | Non-charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Electrons | Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom. |
| Element | A pure substance which cannot be broken down. |
| Periodic Table | A method of organizing elements into rows/columns based upon their properties. |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element (same number of protons), which have different numbers of neutrons. |
| Compounds | A pure substance formed by the chemical combination of different elements. |
| Chemical Bonds | The force holding together substances. |
| Covalent Bonds | Bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. |
| Ionic Bonds | The electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions. |
| Ion | An atom that has lost or gained electron(s) to empty or fill its outer energy level (valence shell). |
| Chemical Reaction | The process by which atoms within substances are chemically rearranged |
| Evidence for a Chemical Reaction | A temperature change, the creation of new gases/liquids/solids, a color change, and/or the production of light. |
| Chemical Equation | The expression of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols. |
| Reactants | The starting substances of a reaction. |
| Products | The substances formed during a reaction. |
| Balanced Equation | Coefficients are used to to make the number of atoms on either side of the reaction equal. |
| Activation Energy | The amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur. |
| Catalyst | A substance which speeds up a reaction by lowering its activation energy. |
| Enzyme | Proteins which are biological catalysts. They speed up reactions by lowering the energy of activation. |
| Polar Molecules | Molecules which have oppositely charged regions. |
| Hydrogen Bond | A weak interaction between a hydrogen atom and another atom. |
| Properties of Water | Water is polar, resists changes in temperature, and expands when it freezes. |
| Cohesion | The ability for something to stick to itself. |
| Adhesion | The ability of something to stick to other things. |
| Capillary Action | The ability for water to climb up small tubes. It is essential for most plant life. |
| Mixture | The combination of substances in which each substance retains its original properties. |
| Homogeneous Mixtures | A solution. All parts of the mixture are the same. |
| Solute | The substance which is dissolved. |
| Solvent | The substance that dissolves other substances. |
| Heterogeneous Mixtures | Mixtures which have distinct components. Suspensions and Colloids are heterogenous. |
| Acids | Substances with a pH below 7. They release H+ in a solution. |
| Bases | Substances with a pH above 7. They release OH- in a solution. |
| Buffer | A substance which resists changes in pH. |
Created by:
Mwaites
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