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Chemistry in Biology

Ch 6 Part 1

QuestionAnswer
Atom The smallest unit of matter.
Nucleus Center of an atom.
Protons Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutrons Non-charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.
Electrons Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom.
Element A pure substance which cannot be broken down.
Periodic Table A method of organizing elements into rows/columns based upon their properties.
Isotopes Atoms of the same element (same number of protons), which have different numbers of neutrons.
Compounds A pure substance formed by the chemical combination of different elements.
Chemical Bonds The force holding together substances.
Covalent Bonds Bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Ionic Bonds The electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
Ion An atom that has lost or gained electron(s) to empty or fill its outer energy level (valence shell).
Chemical Reaction The process by which atoms within substances are chemically rearranged
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction A temperature change, the creation of new gases/liquids/solids, a color change, and/or the production of light.
Chemical Equation The expression of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols.
Reactants The starting substances of a reaction.
Products The substances formed during a reaction.
Balanced Equation Coefficients are used to to make the number of atoms on either side of the reaction equal.
Activation Energy The amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to occur.
Catalyst A substance which speeds up a reaction by lowering its activation energy.
Enzyme Proteins which are biological catalysts. They speed up reactions by lowering the energy of activation.
Polar Molecules Molecules which have oppositely charged regions.
Hydrogen Bond A weak interaction between a hydrogen atom and another atom.
Properties of Water Water is polar, resists changes in temperature, and expands when it freezes.
Cohesion The ability for something to stick to itself.
Adhesion The ability of something to stick to other things.
Capillary Action The ability for water to climb up small tubes. It is essential for most plant life.
Mixture The combination of substances in which each substance retains its original properties.
Homogeneous Mixtures A solution. All parts of the mixture are the same.
Solute The substance which is dissolved.
Solvent The substance that dissolves other substances.
Heterogeneous Mixtures Mixtures which have distinct components. Suspensions and Colloids are heterogenous.
Acids Substances with a pH below 7. They release H+ in a solution.
Bases Substances with a pH above 7. They release OH- in a solution.
Buffer A substance which resists changes in pH.
Created by: Mwaites
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