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Anatomy Ch. 5
Ch. 5 Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stratum corneum | outermost layer of epidermis, consists of flattened, keratinized cells |
| stratum basale | deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells constantly dividing |
| epidermis | outer, thin area of the skin made of stratified squamous epithelium |
| melanin | dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals. It is responsible for tanning of skin exposed to sunlight. |
| albinism | genetic condition in which a person cannot produce melanin resulting in pale skin, hair, and/or eyes |
| keratin | a waterproof protein found in the outer epidermis, hair, and nails |
| sebaceous glands | oil (sebum) producing gland that empties into a hair follicle |
| dermis | deeper and thicker layer of skin containing blood vessels, sensory receptors, collagen and elastin fibers, and the roots of hairs |
| hypodermis | subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue that provides insulation and padding to the skin |
| alopecia | hair loss |
| arrector pili | smooth muscle attached to a hair; makes the hair stand on end |
| apocrine gland | larger, less numerous sweat gland emptying into a hair follicle in the armpits or groin; active after puberty when under stress |
| hypothermia | lower than normal body temperature |
| hyperthermia | higher than normal body temperature |
| heat stroke | a condition caused by too long an exposure to high temperatures, causing high fever, headaches, hot, dry skin, physical exhaustion and sometimes physical collapse and coma. |
| heat exhaustion | condition resulting from exposure to heat and excessive loss of fluid through sweating; causes fatigue, headache, nausea, low blood pressure, loss of salts |
| fever | special form of hyperthermia caused by illness |
| impetigo | bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture |
| eccrine gland | Glands that produce sweat which cools through evaporation, found over most of the body, Are the more numerous type of sweat gland but are smaller in size |
| mammary gland | modified sweat gland located within breasts; produce milk after childbirth |
| rickets | defective mineralization of the skeleton due to vitamin D deficiency |
| vitamin D | produced in skin cells when exposed to UV rays from sunlight; involved in regulation of calcium |
| Meissner's corpuscles | touch receptor found in the upper region of the dermis |
| Pacinian corpuscles | pressure receptors found in the lower region of the dermis |
| basal cell carcinoma | Most common and least severe type of skin cancer;caused by UV exposure |
| squamous cell carcinoma | a more serious type of skin cancer beginning in the epidermis; tends to spread more easily but less common |
| melanoma | malignant form of skin cancer beginning in the melanocytes |
| mole | skin growth due to overgrowth of melanocytes |
| wart | Skin growth due to viral infection |
| first degree burn | A mild burn characterized by heat, pain, and reddening of the burned surface but not exhibiting blistering or charring of tissues. |
| second degree burn | A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis with swelling; heals in 10-14 days |
| third degree burn | Severe burn characterized by destruction of the skin through the depth of the dermis and possibly into underlying tissues, destroys pain receptors, blood vessels, glands, and hair |
| fourth degree burn | burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged; low rate of survival |
| eczema | overactive cell division resulting in scaling |
| psoriasis | chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales |
| dandruff | a flaking of the outer layer of dead skin cells on the scalp |
| urticaria | allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called hives |
| athlete's foot | fungal infection of the toes and soles |
| Langerhan's cells | specialized immune cells found in the lower epidermis; phagocytize microbes that get into the skin |
| integument | cutaneous membrane or skin |
| collagen | flexible, strong protein fibers of the dermis that prevent tearing or overstretching |
| elastin | stretchy, but elastic, protein; found extensively in connective tissue (skin); allow skin to stretch and maintain normal tension |
Created by:
Mrs. Meeks SHS
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