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Kim Ferguson
Physiology Week 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The second largest part of the brain, located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum, is the | cerebellum. |
| Which region of the brain plays a part in the mechanism responsible for emotions by associating sensory impulses with feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness? | thalamus |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of sympathetic stimulation? | constriction of the bronchioles |
| The limbic system integrates | emotion. |
| “Fight or flight” physiological changes include all of the following EXCEPT | constriction of respiratory airways. |
| Mixed cranial nerves contain axons of | sensory and motor neurons. |
| The two main types of adrenergic receptors are | alpha and beta. |
| The reticular activating system maintains | consciousness. |
| The most numerous cerebral tracts are the | association tracts. |
| The _____ consists of several structures that lie beneath the thalamus and form the floor of the third ventricle and the lower part of its lateral walls. | hypothalamus |
| Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either of two neurotransmitters, | norepinephrine and acetylcholine. |
| A reflex consists of either a muscle contraction or a | glandular secretion. |
| Many cerebral functions have typical locations. This fact is known as | cerebral localization. |
| The somatic motor system includes all the _____ motor pathways _____ the CNS. | voluntary; outside |
| Acetylcholine binds to _____ receptors. | cholinergic |
| The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is | relaxation. |
| The groove between the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex is the | central sulcus. |
| The action of acetylcholine is quickly terminated by its being hydrolyzed by the enzyme | acetylcholinesterase. |
| Each skin surface area supplied by sensory fibers of a given spinal nerve is a | dermatome. |
| Tongue movement is controlled by which cranial nerve? | hypoglossal |
| The set of coordinated commands that control the programmed muscle activity mediated by extrapyramidal pathways is called the | motor program. |
| Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they | continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors. |
| The _____ is an extension of the great toe, with or without fanning of the other toes, in response to stimulation of the outer margin of the sole of the foot. | Babinski sign |
| Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is the nervous system. | craniosacral |
| The cortex is capable of storing and retrieving information from both short-term and long-term | memory. |
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell? | olfactory |
| The _____ nerve transmits impulses that result in sensations of equilibrium. | vestibular |
| Which of the following is NOT correct? | Sympathetic preganglionic axons pass along the dorsal root of certain spinal nerves. |
| If the center of a reflex arc is the brain, the response it mediates is called a | cranial reflex. |
| A _____ is a skeletal muscle or group of muscles that receives motor axons from a given spinal nerve. | myotome |
| The vomiting reflex is mediated by the: | medulla. |
| Which of the following is not associated with the oculomotor nerve? | Closing and opening of the eye (blink reflex) |
| The cerebellum performs all of the following functions except: | controls cardiac function. |
| Damage to the _____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function. | phrenic |
| The preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions are cholinergic. | True |
| The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | False |
| Which is not true of the dorsal nerve root? | It is also called the posterior root. It includes the spinal ganglion. It includes sensory fibers. All of the above are true. |
| Impulses sent over which of the following tracts could result in voluntary movement, especially of the hands, fingers, feet, and toes of the opposite side? | Lateral corticospinal |
| Which is(are) the neurotransmitter(s) in a somatic motor pathway? | Acetylcholine |
| Afferent nerves or fibers are found only in the _____ nervous system. | sensory autonomic Both A and B are correct. |
| Audition is a function of the _____ lobe. | temporal |
| Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may: | synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron. send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia. pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing. |
| A child was frightened by a large dog. The pupils of the child’s eyes became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of: | the sympathetic nervous system. |
| The cerebellum acts with the _____ to produce skilled movement. | cerebrum |
| Which of the following statements is not true? | The major function of the parasympathetic division is to serve as an “emergency” system. |
| Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation? | Constriction of the bronchioles |
| Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles, into the central canal and _____, and is absorbed back into the blood. | subarachnoid space |
| Somatic motor and autonomic pathways share all of the following characteristics except: | number of neurons between central nervous system (CNS) and effector. |
| Normal infants will show the Babinski reflex up to the age of _____ years. | 1.5-2 |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by filtration of blood in the: | choroid plexuses. |
| All of the following cranial nerves are involved in proprioception except the: | vagus. |
| Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors. | alpha beta both alpha and beta |
| Norepinephrine is liberated at: | most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings. |
| Which of the following is not true? | One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord. |
| Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system? | If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? | Regulation of motor activity |
| The spinal tract that is located in the side of the cord, originates in the brain, and terminates in the spinal cord is the _____ tract. | lateral corticospinal |
| If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | willed movement |
| The part of the brain that assists in the maintenance of balance is the: | cerebellum. |
| Most effectors of the autonomic nervous system are dually innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. | True |
| How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector? | A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division. |
| Propranolol is an example of a: | beta blocker. drug used to treat irregular heartbeats. drug used to treat hypertension. All of the above are correct. |
| Which of the following is a correct statement? | There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs. |
| All of the following are examples of parasympathetic stimulation except: | increased heart rate. |
| Which of the following is not true of the knee jerk reflex? | It is a flexor reflex. |
| If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | sensory perception |
| The knee jerk can be classified as a segmental reflex because: | impulses that mediate it enter and leave the same segment of the cord. |
| A mixed nerve is one that: | carries both sensory and motor fibers. |
| Which is the only plexus that contains fibers from the thoracic region of the spinal cord? | Brachial |
| Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum. | thalamus |
| The part of the brain that can directly influence or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary is the: | hypothalamus. |
| Tic douloureux is a painful neuralgia of the _____ nerve. | trigeminal |
| Nerve impulses over the _____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate. | vagus |
| Sympathetic responses generally have widespread effects on the body because: | preganglionic fibers synapse with several postsynaptic fibers. |
| Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvic cavity and some of the surrounding areas are found in the _____ plexus. | coccygeal |
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