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Kim Ferguson
Physiology Week 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which structure allows the electrical signals to travel along the sarcolemma and move deeper into the cell? | transverse tubule |
| _____ occurs when the foot is tilted upward, thus decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg. | Dorsiflexion |
| Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint? | elbow joint |
| The shoulder joint is an example of a _____ joint. | multiaxial freely movable ball and socket The shoulder joint is an example of all of these. |
| Joints joined by fibrocartilage are called | symphyses. |
| Exercise may cause an increase in muscle size called | hypertrophy. |
| The joints between the articulating surfaces of the vertebral processes are classified as what type of joint? | gliding |
| Repeated stimulation of muscle in time lessens its excitability and contractibility and may result in | fatigue. |
| The joint present during the growth years between the epiphyses of a long bone and its diaphysis is the | synchrondrosis. |
| According to the sliding filament theory | actin moves past myosin. |
| Synovial joints are | freely movable. |
| Some synovial joints contain a closed pillow-like structure called a(n) | bursa. |
| Which subtype of fibrous joints is found only in the skull? | suture |
| The more muscle fibers contracting at the same time, the stronger the contraction of the entire muscle. The number of muscle fibers contracting depends on how many motor units are | recruited. |
| The four kinds of protein that make up myofilaments are myosin, actin, | tropomyosin, and troponin. |
| The structure of the knee joint permits movements of | flexion and extension. |
| Anaerobic respiration results in the formation of an incompletely catabolized molecule called | lactate . |
| Muscle tone is maintained by | negative feedback mechanisms. |
| The muscle’s ability to stretch or extend and to return to its resting length is called | extensibility. |
| If a structural classification is used, joints are named according to the type of _____ tissue that joins the bones together. | connective |
| Which type of movement occurs between the carpal and tarsal bones and between the articular facets of adjoining spinal vertebrae? | gliding |
| Which of the following is not a function of muscles? | storage |
| The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the | sarcomere. |
| A contraction in which muscle length remains the same but muscle tension increases is called an | isometric contraction. |
| The energy required for muscular contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of | ATP. |
| Three phases of the twitch contraction are the | latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase. |
| Synarthrotic joints are | immovable. |
| The largest and most commonly injured joint in the body is the _____ joint. | knee |
| Which of the following is not among the structures that characterize synovial joints? | tendons |
| The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the | threshold stimulus. |
| White fibers are also called _____ fibers. | fast |
| The ion necessary for cross-bridging is: | calcium. |
| The knee joint is an example of a _____ joint. | hinge |
| An example of a hinge joint is(are) the: | interphalangeal joints. |
| Which of the following statements is incorrect about motor units? | The more muscle fibers stimulated by a motor neuron, the more precise the movements of that muscle can be. |
| The type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the: | shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones. |
| The purpose of creatine phosphate in muscle contraction is to: | replenish energy supply. |
| A gliding joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. | multiaxial |
| Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is incorrect? | Cardiac muscle requires nervous stimulation to contract. |
| Which type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis? | Single-unit smooth |
| Skeletal muscles are innervated by: | somatic motor neurons. |
| Tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg, is called: | dorsiflexion. |
| Thick myofilaments extend the length of the: | A-band. |
| Which joint allows for the most movement? | Ball and socket |
| Which type of joint joins the two pubic bones together? | Symphysis |
| The opposite of dorsiflexion is: | plantar flexion. |
| The strength of a muscle contraction is influenced by the: | amount of load. initial length of muscle fibers. recruitment of motor units. All of the above are correct. |
| The first event to occur in muscle relaxation is that: | the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs. |
| Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction? | Isometric |
| The opposite of eversion is: | protraction. depression. retraction. none of the above. |
| During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | Latent period |
| Muscle contractions will continue as long as: | the calcium ions are attached to the troponin. |
| Which of the following terms describes an isometric contraction? | Static tension |
| Which type of muscle does not have T-tubules? | Smooth |
| Kicking a football is accomplished by knee: | extension. |
| Stretching the foot down and back and pointing the toe is called: | plantar flexion. |
| All of the following are noninflammatory joint disorders except: | juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. |
| After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? | Troponin |
| Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles? | Protection |
| All of the following are characteristics of smooth muscle except: | thin and thick filaments are aligned in sarcomeres like skeletal muscles. |
| The largest and most frequently injured joint is the: | knee. |
| Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding heat production? | The body temperature set point is established by the hypothalamus. Shivering will increase body temperature. Body temperature functions on a negative-feedback mechanism. All of the above are correct. |
| Which joint allows for a unique movement called opposition? | Saddle |
| In the structure called a triad, the T-tubule is sandwiched between: | sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
| A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same but the length changes is called a(n) _____ contraction. | isotonic |
| Which joint allows for the widest range of movement? | Ball and socket |
| Physiological muscle fatigue may be caused by: | a relative lack of ATP. high levels of lactate. failure of the sodium-potassium pumps. all of the above. |
| Which of the following is not an end-product of the breakdown of ATP? | An inorganic phosphate Energy that can be used in muscle contraction ADP All of the above are end-products of the breakdown of ATP. |
| Endurance training is also known as: | aerobic training. |
| Aerobic respiration: | produces the maximum amount of energy available from each glucose molecule. |
| Cross-bridges are also called: | myosin heads. |
| Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called: | abduction. |
| Which of the following is not a part of the neuromuscular junction? | T-tubules |
| Rotator cuff surgery is performed quite commonly on professional baseball players, especially pitchers. Evidently, the throwing motion places enormous stress on the: | shoulder. |
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