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Digestive System
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which species have a simple stomach? | carnivores, omnivores |
| Which species have a ruminant stomach? | herbivores |
| Why do herbivores do ruminant digestion? | plants are composed of cellulose and they don't have cellulase to break it down |
| What is ingestion? | eating |
| What is propolsion? | movement |
| What is mechanical digestion? | physical breakdown of food |
| What is chemical digestion? | enzymes breakdown of food |
| What is absorption? | absorb from intestinal tract to blood stream |
| What is defecation? | elimination of waste |
| What are the parts of the alimentary canal? | mouth (buccal cavity), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum |
| What is the esophagus? | tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach |
| What does the esophagus do? | propulsion |
| What does the stomach do? | mechanical digestion |
| What do chief cells produce? | pepsinogen - pepsin - amino acids |
| What are parietal cells? | hydrochloric acid |
| What are G cells? | gastrin - gets ready for food(salvation) |
| What is pre-gastric fermentaion? | bacteria and microbes produce cellulose which breakdown into volatile fatty acids and are absorbed in the stomach and then converted to sugar |
| What is rumination? | cud |
| What is post-gastric fermentation? | the food breaks down in the cecum(after the stomach), most absorption of the nutrients is in the small intestine |
| What is the small intestine? | a thin, long tube |
| What does the small intestine do? | mechanical digestion - segmentation |
| What is propolsion? | wave contraction of the intestine |
| What does chemical digestion need? | pancreas |
| What does the pancreas have? | it is rich in bicarb(amylase, lipase, trypsin) |
| What is the problem with lipids during digestion? | no chemical digestion until small intestine, not water soluble so it forms large chunks, need emulsifier(bile) to breakdown chunks |
| Where is bile produced? | the liver |
| What is abosorption? | the taking of nutrients from the intestine to the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body |
| What happens to carbohydrates? | they are broken down into simple sugars and carrier molecules pull them into capillaries |
| What happens to proteins? | they are broken down into amino acids and carrier molecules pull into capillaries |
| What happens to lipids? | broken down into glycerol and fatty acids, pushed into lacteals(tubes apart of the lymphatic system), taken to the vena cava in the chest and dumped into the blood stream |
| What is the large intestine? | large tube filled with bacteria (e. coli) |
| What does the large intestine do? | compacts waste, removes water |
| What is the digestion of carbs? | start digestion in mouth with salivary amylase, finish in small intestine with pancreatic amylase, absorbed into the blood |
| What is the digestion of proteins? | broken down in stomach with pepsin, finish in small intestine with trypsin, amino acids absorbed into blood |
| What is the digestion of lipids? | not broken down until small intestine, need bile from liver then lipase from pancreas and absorbed into lacteals |
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