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Blood
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is blood? | a connective tissue |
| What is serum/plasma? | background substance |
| What are formed elements? (RBC, WBC, platelets) | specialized cells |
| What are fibrinogen (water soluble)? | protein fibers, not seen since water soluble |
| What are red blood cells (RBC)? | erythrocytes |
| How many RBC are there in the body? | millions |
| How are RBC shaped? | biconcave disc |
| What do the biconcave disc shape do? | allows maximum absorption of oxygen |
| What are he biconcave discs filled with? | hemaglobin which carries oxygen |
| How often are RBC produced? | 24/7 |
| Where are RBC produced? | the kidney releases erythropoeitin which stimulates production in the bone marrow |
| What does anemia mean? | lack of oxygen carrying capacity in the blood, not enough RBC |
| What is hemorrhagic anemia? | blood loss |
| What is hemolytic anemia? | RBC burst |
| What is aplastic anemia? | RBC not being produced |
| What is iron deficiancy anemia? | not enough hemoglobin |
| What are white blood cells (WBC)? | leucocytes |
| What are neutrophils? | phagocytic, bacterial infections |
| What are eosinophils? | they kill parasitic worms |
| What are basophils? | they secrete histamine and increase inflammation |
| What are the granulocytes? | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
| What are the agranulocytes? | lymphocytes, monocytes |
| What are lymphocytes? | make antibodies, viral infections |
| What are monocytes? | leave the blood vessels and become macrophages |
| What do macrophages do? | clean up debris |
| What does -philia mean? | more than normal |
| What does -penia mean? | not enough of |
| When are WBC made? | when needed |
| What is the order of frequency of WBC? | neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil |
| What are platelets? | tiny pieces of cell membrane and nucleus |
| What is the order of frequency of WBC in ruminant? | lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil |
| What is the colony stimulating factor? | neutrohpils interact with bacteria and indicate when WBC are needed and where |
| Is RBC included in the colony stimulating factor? | no because they produce 24/7 |
| What does low WBC count mean? | the start of an infection/virus |
| How can you tell there is an infection? | there is a large amount of WBC |
| What happens to all the WBC | the spleen removes the extra WBC once the infection is over |
| What are vascular spasms (step 1 blood clotting)? | the smooth muscle in the walls of he vessel contract dramatically, slowing blood flow quickly |
| What is the platelet plug formation (step 2 blood clotting)? | injury to lining of vessels exposes collagen fibers and the platelets adhere |
| What is coagulation (step 3 blood clotting)? | form clotting protein cascade where it activates one protein after another |
| What does coagulation need? | calcium and vitamin K |
| What is plasma? | clot proteins |
| What is serum? | no clot proteins |
| What does hemophiliac mean? | inability to clot blood |
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