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Muscle System
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is skeletal muscle attatched? | the skeleton |
| Is skeletal muscle striated or not striated? | striated |
| Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary? | voluntary |
| Where is cardiac muscle located? | it makes up the heart |
| Is cardiac muscle striated or not striated? | striated |
| Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary? | involuntary |
| Where is smooth muscle located? | in the walls of hollow organs |
| Is smooth muscle striated or not striated? | not striated |
| Is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary? | involuntary |
| Which membrane covers the entire outer muscle belly? | epimycium |
| Which membrane surrounds the fascicle? | perimycium |
| Which membrane surrounds each muscle cell? | endomycium |
| Are muscle fiber and muscle cell the same thing? | yes |
| What is the cell membrane of a muscle cell called? | sarcolemma |
| What is the sarcolemma filled with? | tubes of protein called myofibrils |
| What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | network of tube that store calcium |
| What are muscle cells stimulated by? | motor neurons |
| What is a motor neuron? | a nerve cell that stimulates muscle |
| Muscles always shorten and generate force (true/false) | true |
| What is the neuro muscular junction? | where motor neruons contact muscle cells |
| Which neurotransmitter breaks down acetylcholine? | acetylcholine esterase |
| Which neurotransmitter blocks the binding site on muscle? | bacterial toxin |
| What happens when bacterial toxins blocks the binding site on the muscle? | the muscle can't contract and will relax (flaccid paralysis) |
| What happens when bacterial toxins block acetylcholine esterase? | the muscle can't relax (tetnus) |
| What happens when bacterial toxins block acytl CoA? | used in surgery to keep patient from moving (curare) |
| What is the sliding filament theory? | actin and myocin slide across each other to make the muscle contract |
| Which is the thin protein? | actin |
| Which is the thick protein? | myocin |
| What does the sliding filament theory need to contract? | ATP and calcium |
| What happens if calcium isn't present while muscles contract? | eclampsia (flaccid paralysis) |
| What happens if ATP isn't present while muscles contract? | rigor mortis |
| What is the all or non priciple? | a muscle fiber must contract as much as possible or not at all |
| What is a white fast twitch muscle? | great strength but little endurance |
| What is a red slow twitch muscle? | moderate strength but great endirance |
| Which twitch muscle has a thick diameter? | white fast twitch |
| Which twitch muscle has little myoglobin? | white fast twitch, store oxygen in muscle |
| Which twitch muscle has lots of myglobin? | red slow twitch |
| Which twitch muscle has a small diameter? | red slow twitch |
| Does skeletal muscle have repair? | no |
| Does cardiac muscle have repair? | no |
| Does smooth muscle have repair? | yes |
| How does skeletal muscle growth occur? | it only grows by adding more myofibrils, muscle cells do not divide |
| What is atrophy? | muscle isn't used, and protein is broken down |
| What happens during dissue? | the muscle is no longer used and gets smaller |
| What is nuerogenic? | if the nerve is cut the muscle won't work |
| What is graded response? | a series of action potentials to the muscle fibers |
| What is posture? | when one muscle fiber get tired, it can "recruit" the next one |
| What is precision? | The more motor neurons to a muscle, the more precise it'll be |
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