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Bio test
biochem, enzyme, digestion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 4 Macromolecules | carbohydrate, lipids, protein, nucleic acid |
| carbohydrate function | short term energy ( glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose) |
| lipid function | long term energy (fats, oils, steroids, waxes) |
| Protein function | bodily function, enzyme, immune system, movement |
| nucleic acid function | carries genetic info into the cell (monomer, polymer) elements: C,H,O,N,P |
| Hydrolysis | breaks down polymers from to monomers |
| polymers | large molecule made up of MANY smaller molecules |
| monomers | one singular molecule |
| hydrolysis vs dehydration synthesis | hydrolysis breaks down polymers from monomers vs dehydration synthesis builds polymers from monomers |
| Monosaccharide | single sugar |
| Polysaccharide | many sugars |
| Lipids dont disolve in | Water |
| Lipid: fats | Saturated and unsaturated |
| Saturated | no double bonds (S)ingle bonds c-c-c-c |
| Unsaturated | double bonds c--c--c-- |
| Animal fats | Saturated |
| Plant/fish fats | unsaturated |
| Lipids: phospholipids | make up cell membrane |
| Hydrophobic | water fearing |
| Hydrophillic | water loving |
| Protein monomer | amino acids |
| protein polymer | polypeptide |
| Nucleic acid monomer | nucleotides |
| Nucleic acid polymer | DNA and RNA |
| Buffer | something that prevents change in pH |
| Protein are made up of | amino acids |
| Enzymes | protein catalysts that increase the rate of reactions without being consumed |
| Enzymes function in a cell | each chemical reaction in a cell is catalyzed by a specific enzyme |
| Activation energy graph | enzymes lower the activation energy enzymes can only make reactions that would have happened go faster activation energy is the energy required to start reaction |
| Enzyme "formula" | substrate + enzyme -> product |
| Active site | region of the enzyme that binds to substrate |
| Puzzle example | substrate triggers enzymes to work (only specific enzymes can correlate with active site) |
| Inhibitors | Competitive and Non competitive |
| Competitive inhibitor | one that competes with substrate for the active site |
| non competitive inhibitor | binds somewhere else then that specific active site, changes shape in active site |
| Digestion | process of breaking down food for body to absorb |
| Mechanical digestion | chewing, increases surface area of food |
| Chemical digestion | splits food into small molecules to pass through membranes |
| Steps of Digestion | 1. eating 2. swallowing 3. stomach 4. small ingestion |
| 1. Eating | presence of food in mouth triggers salivary glands to release saliva |
| Salivary amylase | part of saliva that breaks down carbohydrates |
| Tongue | helps shape food into bolus |
| 2. Swallowing | |
| Epiglottis | cartilaginous flap that blocks the windpipe |
| Esophagus | conducts food from the pharynx down to the stomach by peristalsis |
| Peristalsis | rhythmic waves of construction that push food along |
| 3. Stomach | food becomes a nutrient rich broth- acid chymo |
| 4. Small ingestion | 6m long in humans |
| pepsin | breaks apart peptide bonds (proteins) |
| small intestine | A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine |
| large intestine | The long, tube-like organ that is connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other |
| colon | The longest part of the large intestine |
| liver | A large organ located in the upper abdomen. |
Created by:
smusen2
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