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OMIS 34
quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does MIS stand for? | management information systems |
| What are the five components of an information system? | hardware, software, data, people, procedure |
| What does the acronym IT stand for? | information technology |
| What are the different components of IT? | hardware, software, data |
| What is the difference between IS and IT? | IT can be bought but IS cannot; IS is composed of IT plus people and procedure |
| What or how would you define data? | raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object |
| Is data and information the same thing? | no, the difference is tht data is just the facts but information is processed data or data put in context |
| What are the different types of data? | picture, audio, alphanumeric, video |
| what are the components of the CPU? | the control unit and the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) |
| What does the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) do? | portion of the CPU that performs mathematical calculations & makes logical comparisons |
| What does the CPU do? | the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together |
| What is the smallest unit of storage | a byte |
| What does bit stand for? | Binary digit |
| What are the two types of primary memory? | RAM - volatile ROM - nonvolatile |
| What are the different forms of multiprocessing? | parallel processor and coprocessor |
| What is the difference between parallel and coprocessor? | parallel processor: all the processors do the same job coprocessor: the CPU does the main job and a coprocessor does the secondary job and speeds up the process |
| What are the two forms of accessing secondary storage? | sequential and direct |
| What is difference between sequential and direct secondary storage? | in sequential storage, you can access the data only in the way that you stored it; in direct storage, the retrieval method does not depend on your storage method |
| What are the the two most common forms of display monitors? | cathode-ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) |
| What is the measurement unit of CPU? | Hertz |
| What's your understanding of open source software? | refers to any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify |
| What are the two extreme ways of software development ? | Proprietary: writing a software for yourself Off-the-shelf: buy/download the software |
| What is the difference between compiler and interpreter? | Compiler takes high level language then compile it to machine code then executes; interpreter decodes line by line (eg. html) |
| Control unit | part of the CPU that sequentially accesses program instructions, decodes them, & coordinates the flow of data in & out of the ALU, the registers, primary storage, & even secondary storage & various output devices |
| primary storage (memory) | main memory; consists of random access memory (RAM) and read-only(ROM), part of the computer that holds program instructions & data = RAM |
| bit is | - 8 bits = 1 byte - bit is a binary digit -- 0 or 1 |
| storage ranking | byte kilobyte megabyte gigabyte terabyte petabyte exabyte |
| RAM | volatile: a form of memory in which instructions or data can be temporarily stored |
| ROM | non-volatile |
| What does the acronym DBMS stand for? | database management system |
| Who is a DBA? | database administrator |
| What is the smallest unit of storage? | byte |
| Write down the hierarchy of data? | bit byte/character field record file database |
| What is an entity? | a generalized class of people, places, things about which you store information |
| What is an attribute? | a characteristic of an entity |
| What is a primary key? | the unique identifier of an entity |
| What is a foreign/secondary key? | when the primary key rests in the secondary table |
| What are the different elements in an entity relationship diagram? | entities, attributes, data items, primary and foreign key |
| What were the two big problems in the traditional approach that made us move to the database approach? | data redundancy and data integrity |
| What is the language that the database understands? | Structured query language (SQL), international standard used by most popular DBMS |
| DBMS operations | 1. read 2. insert 3. modify 4. delete |
| database management system (DBMS) | a group of programs that manipulate the database, provide an interface between the database and the user, and other applications |
| database admin (DBA) | a skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization's database |
| 3 elements of MIS | 1. management & use 2. information systems 3. strategies |
| What is IS? | a group of components that interact to achieve some purpose |
| What is IT made up of? | 1. products 2. methods 3. inventions 4. standards that are used for the purpose of producing information OR IT=hardware + software +data |
| Information systems (IS) | an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures & people that produce information |
| what are necessary characteristics of good data? | accurate, timely, relevant, sufficient, economical |
| GNL | general public license: standard for open source software/ successful open source projects |
| machine code | 010101010101010 |
| closed source code | highly protected and only available to trusted employees and carefully vetted contractors |
| license | right to use specified number of copies/ limits vendor's liability |
| what is the purpose of a database? | organize and keep track of things, and multiple themes; single theme = spreadsheet, multiple themes = database |
| Three types of entity relationships | one-to-many one-to-one (recursive, most common) many-to-many (normalization) |
| knowledge | the skills, experience and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources |
| Internet of things | a world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention |
| big data | a collection of large complex datasets, incl structured and unstructured data which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools |
| big data types | variety, veracity, volume, velocity |
| what are the 6 major categories of hardware? | the central processing unit, input device, output device, storage device, communication device, and connecting device |
| input device | pieces of equipment used to record information and commands |
| output device | pieces of equipment that are used to view, hear, or otherwise receive the results of information processing requests |
| secondary storage | refers to equipment designed to store huge amounts of data for lengthy periods of time |
| communication devices | equipment used to send and receive information from one location to another |
| different computer categories | 1.handheld 2.portable 3.thin client 4.desktop computer 6.workstation 7.server 8.mainframe computer 9.supercomputer |
| two types of software | system and application software |
| system software | controls how various technology tools work together with application software |
| application software | used for specific information processing needs |
| data can be inaccurate | it is created by humans and human error |
| What can a business do to make sure data is correct? | "Garbage in, garbage out" - you should check over data and discard old data - let systems do more of the work |
| Explain how bad data will impact information, business intelligence, and knowledge? | wrong data changes how information is interpreted and the information business intelligence uses will affect the knowledge people derive from the intelligence |
| describe the six major categories of hardware | CPU, input device, output device, storage device, communication, and connecting |
| example of system software | operating --windows software utility -- antivirus software |
| examples of application software | word processing -- microsoft word spreadsheet -- microsoft excel |
| What are the ways to distribute application software? | single user: restricts use to one user at a time network user: enables anyone on network to install site: enables qualified users to install regardless if computer is on network application: software paid on license basis, per-use basis, usage-based |
| cloud computing | stores, manages, and processes data and applications over the Internet rather than on a personal computer or server |
| characteristics of cloud computing | sold on demand, elastic, and service is managed byprovider |
| 1950s -- cloud computing | mainframe computers were seen as the future of computing now seen in academia and etc, accessible via thin clients |
| 1990s 2000s | telecommunications companies began offering VPN services w comparable quality of service but lower cost |
| objective of cloud computing | allow users to take benefit of technologies without the need for deep knowledge about or expertise with each one of them, cut costs and help users focus their core business |
| what is the main enabling technology of cloud computing? | virtualization = separates a physical computing device into virtual devices, which can be easily used and managed to perform computing tasks |
| 3 Fundamental Cloud types: | IaaS (infrastructure as a service), PaaS (platform as a service), SaaS (software as a service) |
| IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) | providers of IaaS offer computers the hardware/infrastructure that is needed |
| PaaS (Platform as a Service) | cloud providers deliver a computing platform |
| SaaS | users are provided access to application software and databases |
| cloud client | users can accessing cloud computing through tablets, smartphones, laptops |
| private cloud | cloud infrastructure solely for a single organization whether managed internally or third party |
| cloud deployment models | private, public, hybrid |
| public cloud | when the services are rendered over a network that is open for public use |
| hybrid cloud | a composition of two or more clouds distinct entities that are bound together |
| 3 tier structure cloud | 1. users of virtual services 2. tenants who provide services 3. provides who provide the infrastructure |
| What is the key to gaining trust in cloud computing ? (security, privacy, trust) | assuring the user or tenant of security being applied and maintained in all components contributing to the virtual service |
| the future of cloud computing | Main issues of cloud computing has been addressed |
| When do cloud NOT make sense? | When dealing with sensitive information that people will not want to put in cloud like government entities |
| transactional processing system | processes the detailed data necessary to update records about the basic business operations of the organization (eg. payroll, accounts payable, general ledger, inventory control) |
| transaction processing methods | batch processing system online transaction processing |
| batch processing system | transactions happen, accumulated altogether at a later time (eg. payroll) |
| online transaction processing | when transactions have to be processed as soon as it happens (Eg. flight reservation systems) |
| Transaction processing activities | 1. Data collection: collect the data 2. Data editing: separate out good vs. bad data 3. Data correction: take the bad data and revise it and replace it 4. Data manipulation: the good data is manipulated 5. Data storage: stored in the database |
| decision making / Why is it useful/important? | strategic planning of the overall goals set for an organization, and helping employees and business units achieve their goals |
| The first decision making model developed by Herbert Simon: intelligence, design, choice | True |
| George Huber | Expanded the model to add implementation and monitoring, created the entire problem solving process |
| Decision making is a component of problem solving, problem solving begins with decision making | True |
| Problem solving process | Intelligence: identify the problems Design: consider alternative opportunities Choice: pick the design Implementing stage: implement design/choice Monitoring stage: review the situation and make necessary changes |
| programmed decision | decisions made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method |
| non programmed decision | decisions that deals with unusual or exceptional situations |
| Types of models/solutions | optimizing - single best solution satisficing - good enough solution may not be the best, second to best heuristic - commonly followed procedures |
| MIS reports | scheduled, key indicator, demand, exception, and drill down |
| scheduled report | a report that is run on schedule |
| key indicator report | gets a report based on the key activities of the previous day and makes decision based on it for today |
| demand report | a report that you run on demand |
| exception report | an alert, inventory falls below x then you send a report |
| drill down report | reports that have certain levels to it, as you go deeper it will contain more details |
| Guidelines for developing MIS reports | tailor to user needs, useful, attention to content, set parameters carefully, timely, review periodically |
| clickstream | collects the data containing the number of clicks a user has while browsing on a website |
| adware | software that allows Internet advertisers to display ads without the consent of the computer user |
| input devices | PC input device, voice-recognition devices, digital computer cameras, terminals, scanning devices, MICR devices, OCR devices, POS, ATM |
| output devices | display monitors (CRT, LCD), printers, plotters, COM, music devices, multifunctional devices |
| <!DOCTYPE html> | declares a document as being an HTML document |
| <html> | defines the html code |
| <head> | not seen on the website, includes <title> and any JavaScript or CSS <style> |
| <style> | allows to style webpage by using CSS |
| <title> | defines the title of what is displayed on the top of your browser when you visit a website |
| <script> | defines JavaScript code |
| <body> | encloses all visible content of a webpage |
| <dl> | defines a definition list |
| <link> | used to tie together HTML, CSS, and JavaScript |
| <a href> | redirects back to an internal, external, or email link |
| <br /> | defines a space in html |
| <ul> | defines an unordered list with small bullets as default |
| <ol> | defines an ordered list that will be marked with numbers by default |
| <li> | defines a list term |
| <dt> | defines a term in a definition list |
| <dd> | describes the term in a definition list |
| <tr> | defines a row in a table |
| <td> | defines a cell in a table |
| <table> | defines a table |
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