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Ex 5 and 6 quiz
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| Mitosis is also called | Asexual cell division |
| Mitosis is responsible for | Growth and repair (zygote development post meiosis) |
| Mitosis produces | Identical copies |
| Interphase chromosome arrangement | Chromosomes appear as chromatin; DNA is duplicated and each chromatid is help together at centromere |
| Sister chromatids | 2 identical copies of the same chromosome held together at the centromere |
| what specific stage of interphase duplicates the chromosomes | S phase |
| Prophase chromosome arrangement | Chromosomes condense, becoming shorter and longer |
| Events of prophase | Spindle fibers grow from centrosomes (microtubule organizing center); each centrosome contains a pair of centrioles in animal cells only; centrosomes begin to move apart to opp. Ends of cell; nucleolus disappears; envelope disintegrates |
| Metaphase chromosome arrangement | Pairs of sister chromatids are maximally condensed; aligned on the equator or metaphase plate of cell; spindle fiber connected to centromere in each sister chromatid pair |
| Anaphase events | Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers to opp ends of cell; they are now called chromosomes instead of chromatids; poles of the cell move farther apart |
| Telophase events | 2 sets of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell; nuclear membrane forms around each set; nucleolus appears; cytokinesis occurs (cleavage furrow) |
| What happens to the chromosome structure during telophase | Chromsoomes decondense |
| Other names for meiosis | Reduction division or sexual cell division |
| Meiosis produces | Nonidentical haploid gametes |
| Homologous chromsoomes | Pairs of chromosomes that physically resemble each other and carry different alleles (versions of a gene) for the SAME traits |
| Each persons somatic cells contain _______ maternal and ______ paternal chromosomes | 23 and 23 |
| Process of making a karyotype | Chromosomes in a cell in metaphase are stained; photographed; grouped into homologous pairs |
| The only two chromosomes in a homologous pair that aren’t the same size are | X and Y (don’t carry the same genes either) |
| Autosomes | Any non sex chromosomes |
| genetic makeup standard of writing | # of chromosomes, (sex chromosomes) |
| Genetic makeup standard of writing for people with extra autosome | # of chromosomes, (Sex chromosomes), +(number of pair the extra chromosome is located on) |
| Monosomy | Missing at least one chromosome |
| Trisomic | Extra copy of a chromosome |
| Trisomy 21 | Down syndrome extra chromsoome in 21st pair |
| Klinefelter syndrome | XXY (male sex organs, small testes and sterility) |
| Trisomy X | XXX (healthy female that cannot be distinguished from other females) |
| Monosomy X (Turner syndrome) | X0 or X (sterile female with unmatured sex organs) |
| Monosomy X is the only form of monosomy that is not lethal, true or false | True |
| Interphase occurs only during ________, and is the process of: | Meiosis I, duplicating chromosomes to form chromatid pairs |
| Prophsae I | Nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down; centrosomes separate; spindle fiber forms; crossing over occurs; HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES FORM PAIRS |
| Chromosome behavior during prophase I | Chromosomes begin to condense |
| Crossing over | Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material |
| Metaphase I | The PAIRS of homologous chromosomes move to the cell equator where they are lined up on metaphase plate |
| Anaphase I | HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS separate, one pair moves to one pole of the cell, other pair moves to the opposite pole (PER PAIR OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES) |
| Telophase I | Cytokinesis occurs; two daughter cells are formed each with 46 chromosomes (haploid in relation to parent cell); |
| Chromosome behavior during telophase I | Chromosomes at each pole decondense |
| Interkinesis | Brief period between meiosis 1 and 2 |
| Meiosis 2 is… | Same as meiosis 1 except FOUR daugher cells are formed; each daughter contains 23 chromosomes; SISTER CHROMATIDS MOVE APART INSTEAD OF HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS (forming single stranded chromosomes) |
| It is just as likely for maternal chromosomes to be on the left and paternal on the right as it is for | Maternal to be on the right and paternal on the left |
| Law of independent assortment | Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up independently of one another as well as sister chromatids during meiosis 2 |
| Genetic variation | Differences in genotype of gametes or offspring |
| Genetic recombination | Meiosis scrambles the genes to create new combinations for gametes |
| Progeny (first fillial generation) | Offspring of the parental generation |
| F1 generation crosses to form | Second filial generation |
| Monohybrid cross | Mating between organisms where only ONE trait is examined |
| Dihybrid cross | Mating between organisms where TWO traits are examined |
| Parent is diploid if they contain | 2 alleles for each gene |
| Egg and sperm fertilize | Randomly |
| Test cross | Mating between HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE INDIVIDUAL and individual with unknown genotype |
| Incomplete dominance | The phenotype of an organism is a mix between its two alleles, as the dominant does not completely mask recessive |
| Codominant | Both alleles are shown in the phenotype rather than a mix |
| Sex-linked genes | Genes carried ONLY ON THE X CHROMOSOME |
| Linked genes | Genes located close to each other on the same chromosome |
| Parental gametes | Gametes that contain chromatids that did not undergo crossing over |
| Recombiant gametes | Gametes that contain chromatids that under went crossing over and will therefore have new combination of genes |
| Linkage map | Shows where genes are located on a chromosome based on recombiance percentage |
| Map unit | 1 mu = 1% cross over |
Created by:
taylerw613
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