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MIS II Exam #2
Systems Planning & Selection, Determining System Requirements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who helps identify potential projects (4)? | (1)Top Management (2) Steering Committee (3) User Departments (4) Development Group or IT Staff |
| What is top-down identification? | Senior management or steering committee. Focus is on global needs of an organization |
| What is bottom-up identification? | Don't reflect overall goals of the organization. For a specific business unit or IS Group |
| What are the steps in identifying and selecting a project (3)? | (1) Project Identification (2) Classify and Rank Development Projects (3) Select Development Projects |
| What are the aspects of selecting development projects (4)? | (1) Needs of the organization (2) resource availability (3) evaluation criteria (4) current business conditions (5) perspectives of management |
| What are the deliverables of the identifying and selecting projects phase? | Schedule of the specific IS development projects |
| What is incremental commitment? | When the project is reviewed after each phase, and continuation of the project is rejustified in each of these reviews |
| What the ways to assess project feasibility (6)? | (1) Economic (2) Operational (3) Technical (4) schedule (5) legal/contractual (6) Political |
| What are the ways to assess economic feasibility (3)? | (1) Cost-Benefit Analysis (2) Measurable Benefits (3) Intangible Benefits |
| What are the ways to determine costs (4)? | (1) tangible costs (2) intangible costs (3) Recurring Costs (4) One-time costs |
| What is the time-value of money? | The process of comparing present cash outlays to future expected returns |
| What is an example of a measurable benefit? | Cost reduction and error avoidance |
| What is an example of an intangible benefit? | Increased flexibility, Better learning/understanding |
| What is an example of a tangible cost? | Dollars |
| What is an example of an intangible cost? | Employee morale dropping to the new IS |
| What is an example of a recurring cost? | Application maintenance |
| What is an example of a one-time cost? | Installation |
| What is operational feasibility? | Assessment of how a proposed system solves business problems or takes advantages of opportunities |
| What is technical feasibility? | Assessment of the development organization's ability to construct a proposal system |
| What is schedule feasibility? | Assessment of time-frame and project completion dates with respect to organization constraints for affecting change |
| What is legal/contractual feasibility? | Assessment of legal and contractual ramifications of new system |
| What is political feasibility? | Assessment of key stakeholders' view in organization toward proposed system |
| What is the baseline project plan (BPP)? | Document that contains the best estimate of the project’s scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements |
| What is the objective of the baseline project plan (BPP)? | Assures that customer and development group have a complete understanding of the proposed system and requirements |
| What are the four sections of baseline project plan (BPP) (4)? | (1) Introduction, (2) System Description, (3) Feasibility Assessment, (4) Management Issues |
| What is the introduction phase in baseline project plan (BPP)? | Includes the brief overview and defines the scope of the project |
| What is the system description phase of the baseline project plan (BPP)? | Outline of possible alternative solutions and is done in a narrative format |
| What is the feasibility assessment phase of the baseline project plan (BPP)? | Includes project costs and benefits, technical difficulties and high-level schedule |
| What is the management issues phase of the baseline project plan (BPP)? | Outlines concerns that management may have about the project |
| What is the internet? | Worldwide network comprised of individual networks used for global computing and electronic commerce |
| What is the intranet? | Internet-based communication used to support business activities within a single organization |
| What is the extranet? | Internet-based communication used to support business-to-business activities |
| What is electronic data interchange (EDI)? | The use of telecommunications technologies to transfer business documents directly between organizations |
| What is a project scope statement? | A document that describes what the project will deliver |
| What type of benefits exist in a project? | Tangible v Intangible |
| What type of costs exist in a project? | Tangible v intangible. One-time v Recurring |
| What sources do you gather information from when determining requirements (3)? | (1) Users (2) Reports (3) Forms (4) Procedures |
| What are the characteristics for gathering requirements (5)? | (1) Impertinence (2) Impartiality (3) Relaxation of Constraints (4) Attention to detail (5) Reframing |
| What does it mean to have impertinence? | To question everything |
| What does it mean to have impartiality? | To consider the best solution for all parties involved |
| What does it mean to relax constraints? | To eliminate the impossibility mindset and have all options available |
| What does it mean to pay attention to detail? | Facts must fit with every other fact |
| What does reframing mean? | Being willing to view the organization in a new way |
| What are the types of deliverables when determining requirements (4)? | (1) Information Collected from users (2) Existing documents anf files (3) Computer-based information (4) Understanding of organizational components |
| How do you conduct an interview? | You gather facts, opinions, and speculations. You also need to observe body language and emotion |
| What is an open-ended question? | Questions with no pre-specified answers, used to probe for unanticipated answer |
| What is a close-ended question? | Respondent is asked to choose from a set of specified responses, faster paced and can cover wide topic |
| What is directly observing users? | a good method to supplement interviews. Often difficult to obtain unbiased data |
| What type of information is to be discovered when analyzing procedures and other documents (7)? | (1) Problems with existing system (2) Opportunity to meet new need (3) Organizational direction (4) Key Individuals (5) Organization Values (6) Special information for processing circumstances (7) Rules for processing data |
| What is a formal system? | The official way a system works, as described in organizational documentation |
| What is an informal system? | The way a system actually works when actually applied |
| Why is it important to note the difference between a formal and informal system? | It's important to differentiate what a company says they are doing versus what is actually being done |
| What is Joint Application Design (JAD)? | Bringing together key users, managers, and systems analysts to work on building a new IS |
| What is the purpose of Joint Application Design (JAD)? | to collect systems requirements simultaneously from the key people involved with the system |
| Where is Joint Application Design Conducted (JAD)? | Off-site |
| What is prototyping? | User quickly converts requirements to beta version of system |
| What is the goal of prototyping? | to develop concrete specifications for ultimate system |
| Who are the participants in Joint Application Design (JAD) (7)? | (1) Session leader, (2) Users, (3) Managers. (4) Sponsor, (5) Systems Analyst, (6) Scribe, (7) IS Staff |
| What is the end of result of a Joint Application Design session (JAD)? | Documentation detailing the existing system and features of a replacement system |
| When is prototyping useful (3)? | (1) User requests are not clear, (2) history of communication problems between analysts and users, (3) Tools are ready to build system |
| What are the drawbacks of prototyping (2)? | (1) Tendency to avoid formal documentation (2) Difficult to adapt to more general audience |
| What is business process reengineering (BRP)? | implementation of radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services |
| What are the goals of business process reengineering (BPR) (3)? | (1) Reorganize flow of data in major sections of an organization (2) eliminate unnecessary steps (3) Become more responsive to future change |
| What is a key business process? | The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market. |
| What are disruptive technologies? | Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes |
| Who is the JAD session leader? | The trained individual who plans and leads joint application design session |
| Who is the JAD scribe? | The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a joint application design session |
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legitcow3
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