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Skeletal System
Anatomy/Physiology Vocab Ch.5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| axial skeleton | central, stable portion of the skeletal system, consisting of the skull, spinal column, and thoracic cage |
| appendicular skeleton | the bones of the body's appendages; the arms and legs |
| compact bone | dense, solid bone that covers the outer surface of all bones and is the main form of bone tissue in the long bones |
| spongy bone | interior, spongy bone with a porous, honeycomb structure |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate near the ends of long bones where osteoblast activity increases bone length |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| ossification | process of bone formation |
| osteoblasts | specialized bone cells that build new bone tissue |
| osteoclasts | specialized bone cells that resorb bone tissue |
| rickets | a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs. |
| fracture | any break or disruption of continuity in a bone |
| fracture reduction | surgical procedure to repair a fracture to the correct alignment. |
| fontanel | openings in the infant skull through which a baby's pulse can be felt; these openings enable compression of the skull during birth and brain growth during late pregnancy and early infancy. |
| joint/articulation | a point where two bones make contact |
| fibrous joint | a type of joint where the bones are joined by strong fibrous tissue rich in collagen. |
| cartilaginous joint | a type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. |
| synovial joint | the type of joint found between bones that move against each other, such as the joints of the limbs; diarthrodial joint |
| bursae | small capsules lined with synovial membranes and filled with synovial fluid; they cushion the structures they separate |
| tendon sheaths | double-layered synovial structures surrounding tendons subject to friction given their position close to bones; secrete synovial fluid to promote free motion of the tendons during joint movement |
| dislocation | injury that involves displacement of a bone from its joint socket |
| dislocation reduction | surgical procedure to repair a dislocation to the correct alignment. |
| osteoarthritis | degenerative disease of articular cartilage, characterized by pain, swelling, range-of-motion restriction, and stiffness |
| bone spur | bony lumps that grow on the bones of the spine or around the joints. |
| crepitus | The crackling, crunching, grinding or grating noise that accompanies flexing a joint. |
| gout | a type of arthritis. It occurs when uric acid builds up in blood and causes inflammation in the joints. |
| osteoporosis | condition in which bone mineralization and strength are so abnormally low that regular, daily activities can result in painful fractures. |
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harini.krishnan
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