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Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| connective tissue | The major supporting tissue of the body. All connective tissues contain fibers, cells, and non-cellular matrix |
| fiberblasts | is the most common cell type in a connective tissue and synthesize the collagen and extracellular matrix. |
| Collagen | fibers that are arranged in compact bundles with rows of fibroblasts between. |
| extracellular matrix | a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. |
| Ordinary connective tissue | are loose or dense depending on the relative abundance of cells, fibers and ground substance. |
| Loose connective tissue | has more cells however has less fibers and the fibers are loose to it helps hold internal organs in position. |
| dense connective tissue | is where strength would be required for example ligaments and tendons. |
| special connective tissue | connective tissue that are specialized in particular expression like elasticity and compression resistance. |
| Cartilage | A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together. |
| Fibrocartilage | Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers |
| compact bone | bone cells trapped in a hard layered matrix |
| Canals(canaliculi) | penetrate the matrix allowing cells to make exchanges with the blood vessels supplying the bone tissue |
| adipose tissue | Tissue that stores fat. |
| Histology | the study of the microscopic structure of tissues |
| epithelial tissue | A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out |
| apical surface | upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ |
| basal surface | The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the basement membrane |
| basement membrane | Cells at the base of an epithelial layer are attached to this. |
| glandular epithelium | Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances. |
| Avascular | without blood vessels |
| Capillaries | Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body |
| Simple(epithelia) | one layer |
| stratified(epithelia) | two or more layers |
| squamous(cells) | flat |
| cuboidal(cells) | cubes |
| columnar(cells) | columns |
| Pseudostratified epithelium | a type of simple epithelium that appears layered because the cells are of different height. |
| Transitional epithelium | a type of stratified epithelium that is capable of considerable stretching. |
| Secretion | a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion. |
| Filtration | A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. |
| Peristalsis | Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. |
| skeletal muscle | a muscle that is connected to the skeleton to form part of the mechanical system that moves the limbs and other parts of the body. |
| smooth muscle | muscle tissue in which the contractile fibrils are not highly ordered, occurring in the gut and other internal organs and not under voluntary control. |
| cardiac muscle | Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart. |
| intercalated discs | specialized connections between myocardial cells containing gap junctions and desmosomes |
| neurons | specialized for receiving and transmitting electrochemical impulses, associated with supporting cells |
| nerve | a cable-like structure in the peripheral nervous system containing the axons of many neurons and their associated insulating sheaths. |
| tract | a bundle of fibers in the nervous system that connects one area to another and usually consists mostly of white matter |
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