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Skeletal System

Skeletal System Physiology

QuestionAnswer
What molecules do osteoblasts produce and secrete? hydroxyapatite and osteoid
What is hydroxyapatite? made up mainly of Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca(OH)2; gives bones "hardness"
What is osteoid? mainly made of collagen fibers
What is an osteocyte? bone cell; osteoblasts differentiate into osteocytes
What is an osteoclast? secretes enzymes and acid onto crystallized mixture of osteocyte to digest the collagen and hydroxyapatite
How do bone production and bone resorption contribute to calcium and blood phosphate homeostasis? production: decreases blood calcium and phosphate levels since they're used to produce hydroxyapatite resorption: increase blood calcium and phosphate levels since they're released from the death of osteocytes
If blood calcium or phosphate levels are high, what happens? osteoblast activity dominates; calcium or phosphate moves from blood into bone to produce bone (osteocytes). Levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood decrease towards normal
If blood calcium or phosphate levels are low, what happens? osteoclast activity dominates; calcium or phosphate moves from bone into blood when bone is resorbed. Levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood increase towards normal
What is hematopoiesis (AKA hemopoiesis)? the process of RBC, WBC, and platelet production
Where does hematopoiesis occur? red bone marrow
In which adult bones does hematopoiesis occur? sternum, ribs, vertebrae, pelvic girdle, clavicle, skull, and long bones
What are the 4 zones of bone growth (in length)? zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification
Where does growth in length occur? long bones at the growth plate/epiphyseal plate
What occurs in the zone of resting cartilage? chondrocytes (cartilage cells) are randomly arranged and anchor the epiphyseal plate to the epiphysis
What occurs in the zone of proliferation? chondrocytes are arranged in columns and secrete collagen and proteoglycans. chondrocytes divide.
What occurs in the zone of hypertrophy? chondrocytes enlarge and mature. they continue to secrete collagen and proteoglycans, and start to secrete calcium phosphate.
What occurs in the zone of calcification? chondrocytes are calcified and die, leaving a voided space. osteoblasts enter the voided space and differentiate into osteocytes.
How does growth in width work? a tunnel of bone is formed by osteoblasts differentiating into osteocytes. the tunnel is then filled with concentric layers/lamellae of bone as osteoblasts continue to differentiate.
Created by: lexierheyne
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