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Skeletal System
Skeletal System Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What molecules do osteoblasts produce and secrete? | hydroxyapatite and osteoid |
| What is hydroxyapatite? | made up mainly of Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca(OH)2; gives bones "hardness" |
| What is osteoid? | mainly made of collagen fibers |
| What is an osteocyte? | bone cell; osteoblasts differentiate into osteocytes |
| What is an osteoclast? | secretes enzymes and acid onto crystallized mixture of osteocyte to digest the collagen and hydroxyapatite |
| How do bone production and bone resorption contribute to calcium and blood phosphate homeostasis? | production: decreases blood calcium and phosphate levels since they're used to produce hydroxyapatite resorption: increase blood calcium and phosphate levels since they're released from the death of osteocytes |
| If blood calcium or phosphate levels are high, what happens? | osteoblast activity dominates; calcium or phosphate moves from blood into bone to produce bone (osteocytes). Levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood decrease towards normal |
| If blood calcium or phosphate levels are low, what happens? | osteoclast activity dominates; calcium or phosphate moves from bone into blood when bone is resorbed. Levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood increase towards normal |
| What is hematopoiesis (AKA hemopoiesis)? | the process of RBC, WBC, and platelet production |
| Where does hematopoiesis occur? | red bone marrow |
| In which adult bones does hematopoiesis occur? | sternum, ribs, vertebrae, pelvic girdle, clavicle, skull, and long bones |
| What are the 4 zones of bone growth (in length)? | zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification |
| Where does growth in length occur? | long bones at the growth plate/epiphyseal plate |
| What occurs in the zone of resting cartilage? | chondrocytes (cartilage cells) are randomly arranged and anchor the epiphyseal plate to the epiphysis |
| What occurs in the zone of proliferation? | chondrocytes are arranged in columns and secrete collagen and proteoglycans. chondrocytes divide. |
| What occurs in the zone of hypertrophy? | chondrocytes enlarge and mature. they continue to secrete collagen and proteoglycans, and start to secrete calcium phosphate. |
| What occurs in the zone of calcification? | chondrocytes are calcified and die, leaving a voided space. osteoblasts enter the voided space and differentiate into osteocytes. |
| How does growth in width work? | a tunnel of bone is formed by osteoblasts differentiating into osteocytes. the tunnel is then filled with concentric layers/lamellae of bone as osteoblasts continue to differentiate. |
Created by:
lexierheyne
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