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Chapter 5 cell membr
| Question transporter that carr | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell wall | rigid cell covering comprised of various molecules that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell |
| active transport | method of transporting material that requires energy |
| amphiphilic | moleculepossessing a polar or charged area and a nonpolar or uncharged area capable of interacting with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments |
| antiporter | transporter that carries two ions or small molecules in different directions |
| aquaporin | channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate |
| carrier protein | membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape |
| caveolin | protein that coats the plasma membrane's cytoplasmic side and participates in the liquid uptake process by potocytosis |
| channel protein | membrane protein that allows a substance o pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane |
| clathrin | protein that coats the plasma membrane's inward- facing surface and assists in forming specialized structures, like coated pits, for phagocytosis |
| concentration gradient | area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration |
| diffusion | passive transport process of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient |
| electrochemical gradient | a combined electrical and chemical force that produces a gradien |
| electrogenic pump | pump that creates a charge imbalance |
| endocytosis | type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell |
| exocytosis | process of passing bulk material out of a cell |
| facilitated transport | process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins |
| fluid mosaic model | describes the plasma membrane's structure as a mosaic of components including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids (sugar chains attached to proteins or lipids, respectively), resulting in a fluid character (fluidity) |
| glycolipid | combination of carbohydrates and lipids used in cell recognition |
| glycoprotein | combination of carbohydrates and proteins |
| hydrophilic | molecule with the ability to bond with water; “water-loving” |
| hydrophobic | molecule that does not have the ability to bond with water; “water-hating” |
| hypertonicuic | situation in which extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving out of the cell |
| integral protein | protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts extensively with the membrane lipids' hydrocarbon chains and often spans the membrane |
| isotonic | situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net water movement into or out of the cell |
| osmolarity | total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution |
| osmosis | transport of water through a semipermeab membrane according to the water's concentration gradient across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membra |
| passive transport | method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy |
| peripheral protein | protein at the plasma membrane's surface either on its exterior or interior side |
| pinocytosis | a variation of endocytosis that imports macromolecules that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid |
| plasmolysis | detaching the cell membrane from the cell wall and constricting the cell membrane when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution |
| potocytosis variation of pinocytosis that uses a different coating protein (caveolin) on the plasma membrane's cytoplasmic side | the lipid belayer |
| primary active transport | active transport that moves ions or small molecules across a membrane and may create a difference in charge across that membrane |
| pump | active transport mechanism that works against electrochemical gradients |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis s | variation of endocytosisthat involves using specific binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles, and clathrin-coated pits that become clathrin-coated vesicle |
| secondary | active transport movement of material that results from primary active transport to the electrochemical gradient |
| selectively permeable | membrane characteristic that allows some substances through the lipid bylayer. |
| solvent | the ability to dissolve other substances |
| solute | substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution |
| symporter | transporter that carries two different ions or small molecules, both in the same direction |
| tonicity | amount of solute in a solution |
| transport protein | membrane protein that facilitates a substance's passage across a membrane by binding it |
| ransporter | membrane protein that facilitates a substance's passage across a membrane by binding it |
| uniporterecific ion or molecules | transporter that carries one sp |
Created by:
ralexander
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