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Reflexes
Primitive Reflexes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are primitive reflexes? | Involuntary movements that are the basis of our nervous system and our ability to move |
| When do primitive reflexes emerge? | Third trimester and are present at birth |
| Where do primitive reflexes originate? | The brainstem |
| What are some risk factors for not developing or retaining primitive reflexes? | -Premature birth -ETOH/Drug use -C section -NICU -Neglect |
| What is the typical rooting reflex? | Turns head and opens lip towards simulus |
| What is the stimulus of the rooting reflex? | Light touch of cheek |
| What is the atypical rooting reflex? | None, difficulty with feeding |
| When is rooting reflex integrated? | 3 months |
| What is the typical suck-swallow reflex? | Initiation of involuntary sucking |
| What is the atypical suck-swallow reflex? | None, difficulty feeding |
| What is the stimulus of the suck-swallow reflex? | Touch to the hard palate |
| When in the suck-swallow reflex integrated? | 5 months |
| What is the typical moro reflex? | abduction/extension of arms followed by arm flexion/adduction |
| What does an atypical moro reflex suggest? | Damage to brain or spinal cord; broken shoulder or brachial plexus injury |
| What is the position and stimulus for the moro reflex? | In supine, drop the head backwards |
| When does the moro reflex integrate? | 6 months |
| What is the palmar grasp reflex? | Finger flexion into strong grasp |
| What does an atypical palmar grasp reflex suggest? | Present beyond 4-6 months suggests CNS development concern |
| When does the palmar grasp reflex integrate? | 6 months |
| What is a typical babinksi reflex? | Big toe dorsiflexion and other toes spread with plantar flexion |
| What does an atypical babinski reflex suggest? | If present beyond 9 months, suggests a CNS development concern |
| What is the stimulus for the babinski reflex? | Pressure to the sole of the foot just distal to metatarsal heads, stroke lateral aspect of foot |
| When does the babinski reflex integrate? | 9 months |
| What is the typical stepping reflex? | Alternating steps with high knees |
| What does an atypical stepping reflex suggest? | -Absent: Lack of ROM, strength -Retained past 4 months: spasticity or other sensory concern |
| What is the stimulus for the stepping reflex? | Hold infant upright on firm surface |
| When is the stepping reflex integrated? | 2 months |
| What is the typical ATNR reflex? | Extension of UE/LE on the face side, flexion of UE/LE on the back of the head side (fencer pose) |
| What does an atypical ATNR reflex suggest? | CNS development concern |
| When does ATNR integrate? | 6 months |
| What is the position and stimulus of ATNR? | Turn infants head while supine |
| What is the typical STNR reflex? | -Head Flex + UE extends -Head extends + UE flex |
| What does an atypical STNR reflex suggest? | CNS development concern |
| What is the position and stimulus of STNR? | Flexion or extension of the head while quadruped |
| When does STNR begin? | 6 months |
| When does STNR integrate? | 12 months |
| What is the typical Landau reflex? | -Head + LE flexion -Head + LE extension |
| What does an atypical Landau reflex suggest? | CNS development concern |
| What is the position and stimulus for the Landau reflex? | Hold in prone while suspended in air with support under abdomen |
| When does the Landau reflex begin? | 3 months |
| When does the Landau reflex integrate? | 2 years |
| What is a typical Galant reflex? | Lateral curve of the trunk on the stimulated side |
| What does an atypical Galant reflex suggest? | CNS development concern |
| What is the position and stimulus for the Galant reflex? | Hanging in prone, stroke the paravertebral skin |
| When does the Galant reflex integrate? | 3 months |
| What is the typical TLR reflex? | -Neck flexion> UE/LE to flex into the body -Neck extension> UE/LE to extend |
| What does an atypical TLR reflex suggest? | CNS development concern |
| What is the position and stimulus for the TLR reflex? | Neck flexion or extension |
| When does TLR integrate? | 4 months |
| What is the typical protective extension reflex? | UE extends so that the infant catches self in teh direction pushed |
| What is the position and stimulus for protective extension? | Child pushed forward, L/R, backwards |
| When does protective extension begin? | 6-9 months |
| When does protective extension integrate? | Never, it is always present |
| What is the typical righting reflex? | Head-righting to non-WBing side |
| What is the position and stimulus for the righting reflex? | Sitting, standing, prone, supine, and body is displaced |
| When does the righting reflex begin? | 6-12 months depending on position |
| When does the righting reflex integrate? | Never, always present |
Created by:
jkranz93
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