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SI Theory
Sensory Integration Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Sensory Integration? | The process by which people register, modulate, and discriminate sensations received through the sensory systems to produce purposeful, adaptive behaviors in response to the environment |
| What 3 senses were the focus of the original SI theory? | -Vestibular -Proprioceptive -Tactile |
| What are the postulates of SI? | -Learning depends on being able to integrate senses to use if for planning and organizing behavior -Deficits may interfere with behavior -Requires the Just Right Challenge |
| What is dyspraxia? | Difficulty planning movement due to poor body scheme |
| What are the 3 types of sensory processing disorders? | -Sensory Modulation Disorder -Sensory Based Motor Disorder -Sensory Discrimination Disorder |
| Where are the receptors for the vestibular system? | Inner ear |
| What is the vestibular system responsible for? | -Detection of movement direction/speed -Head positions -Response to pull of gravity -Arousal levels and attention |
| Where are the receptors for proprioception? | Muscles and joints |
| What is proprioception responsible for? | -Body awareness -Force of movement -Grading of movement |
| What do vestibular and proprioception work together on? | -Postural control -Balance -Ocular motor control -Body awareness |
| Where are the receptors for the tactile system? | Receptors in the skin |
| What is the largest sensory organ? | Skin |
| What is the tactile system responsible for? | -Distinguishing types of textures -Localization of touch -Types of touch (alerting or calming) |
| What is the auditory system responsible for? | -Sound localization -Auditory discrimination |
| What is the most dominant sensory system? | Visual |
| What is the most heavily relied upon sensory system? | Visual |
| What is the visual system responsible for? | -Ocular motor movements -Visual perception |
| What sensory system connects to the limbic system? | Olfactory |
| What can taste impact? | Arousal levels and feeding |
| What are the sensory based motor disorders? | -Dyspraxia -Postural Disorders |
| What are the 3 options for a sensory modulation disorder? | -Hypo reactive -Hyper reactive -Sensory Seeking |
| What are the 2 typical responses seen with sensory defensiveness? | -Fight or Flight -Shut Down |
| What are the S/S of over-stimulation? | Increase activity, gaze aversion, moving or pulling away, distractibility, clowning, redirecting others attention, verbalizations, reluctance to separate or participate, whining, clinging, "I can't", rage, aggression, explosiveness |
| What are the S/S of optimal arousal level? | Engage in activity, engaged with others, facial expressions, able to sequence and motor plan, willing to try new things, transition |
| What are the S/S of under-stimulation? | Lethargic, tired, difficult to motivate, decreased engagement |
| Poor sensory discrimination often means poor what? | Praxis abilities |
| What is the basis for skill building and the foundation of play? | Praxis |
| What is the result of good sensory processing and neurological adaptation? | Praxis |
| What is somatodyspraxia? | Associated with poor tactile and proprioceptive senses |
| What is visuodyspraxia? | Difficulties with praxis and visual processing |
| What is bilateral coordination and sequencing disorder? | Difficulties using two sides of the body in coordinated manner, difficulties in sequential movements |
| Enhancing sensation improves the CNS how? | CNS's ability to process sensation |
| Enhanced sensation involves what kind of movement? | Active |
| What kind of participation is required for SI treatment? | Active |
| What type of sensory experience is the therapist providing? | Enhanced to facilitate adaptive response |
| What is an adaptive response? | Efficient and expected response to sensory stimuli, all sensory systems working tougher to generate expected response to environmental demands; goal directed and purposeful behavior in the form of an occupation |
| What is the first level of an adaptive response? | Responds to passive stimuli |
| What is the 2 level of an adaptive response? | Holds on and stays put |
| What is the 3 level of an adaptive response? | Alternately contracts and relaxes muscle groups |
| What is the 4 level of an adaptive response? | Initiates and activity requiring familiar, typically simple movements but does not sustain it |
| What is the 5 level of an adaptive response? | Initiates and sustains an activity requiring familiar, often simple movements |
| What is the 6 level of an adaptive response? | Initiates simple or 2-3 step activity requiring familiar, often complex movements |
| What is the 7 level of an adaptive response? | Initiates and executes complex activity requiring unfamiliar, typically complex movements, timing or multiple adaptations |
| What is the goal of SI treatment? | Provide enhanced sensory experienced to elicit and adaptive response and increase independence and participation in daily tasks |
| What is the key for SI treatment? | Internal motivation |
| What is seen with vestibular hyper response? | -Movement intolerance -Poor tolerance of head changes -Gravitational insecurity |
| What is seen with vestibular hypo response? | High need for movement |
| What can OTs do to work on tactile defensiveness? | Engage in messy play, use different fabrics, crash pads, swings, moist textures, and mixed textures |
| When should vestibular needs be addressed during treatment? | Beginning |
| What is the easier type of movement? | Linear |
| What position provides the greatest amount of extension? | Prone |
| Resistance against movement enhances what? | Proprioception |
| What is the most complex postural response? | Righting and Equilibrium Reactions |
| What is the process of praxis? | 1. Ideation 2. Planning and programming 3. Executing the action |
Created by:
jkranz93
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