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Cardiovascular sys
q/a
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The origin of CVS is? | Mesodermal |
| Three walls of Artery/vein are? | Tunica interna, tunica media and tunica externa |
| Largest Artery is? | Aorta |
| Smallest Artery is? | Arteriole |
| Largest Vein is? | Inferior Venacava |
| Longest Vein is? | Long Saphenous vein |
| Smallest vein is? | Venule |
| Dysfunction of valves causes? | Varicose Veins |
| Blood Vessel that supply blood to blood vessel is called? | Vasa Vasorum |
| Blood vessel that supply blood to nerve is called? | Vasa Nervosum |
| Blood vessel that supply blood to Loop of Henle is called? | Vasa Recta |
| Thickest chamber of heart is? | Left ventricle |
| Double circulations occur in which class? | Mammals only |
| In fetal what acts as fetal lung? | Placenta |
| Which circulation is absent in fetus? | Pulmonary circulation |
| Blue baby is due to? | Septal defect |
| Septal defect is? | Foramen Ovale is not closed after birth |
| Foramen ovale after birth is called? | Foramen Ovalis |
| During fetal life aorta and pulmonary artery are connected by a duct called? | Ductus Arteriosus |
| Ductus Arteriosus after birth is called? | Ligamentum Arteriosus |
| No. of umbilical artery and vein? | 2 and 1 |
| Where is heart located? | Mediastinum |
| What is mediastinum? | Mediastinum is the space between two lungs from T4 to T5 thoracic vertebrae |
| Right sided apex of the heart is called? | Dextrocardia |
| Covering of heart is called? | Pericardium |
| Thickest layer of the heart is? | Myocardium |
| Human heart is? | Myogenic |
| Myogenic heart is present in | Vertebrates and Mollusca |
| Neurogenic Heart is present in | Invertebrates except mollusca |
| Cardiac centre is located in? | Medulla oblongata |
| Sequence of impulse conduction in heart | SA node--> AV node--> Bundle of His--> Purkinje Fibre |
| Slowest conduction is in? | AV node |
| Fastest conduction is in? | Purkinje fibre |
| Coronary sinus is guarded by? | Thebasian valve |
| Accelerator or Sympathetic system of heart is? | Adrenal Medulla |
| Adrenal medulla produces? | Adrenaline (life saving or emergency hormone) |
| Inhibitory or Parasympathetic system of heart is? | Vagus nerve |
| Vagus nerve produces? | Acetyl Choline |
| Effects of Adrenaline? | Increases Heart rate, blood pressure nd blood glucose level |
| Effects of acetylcholine? | Decreases Heart rate |
| Chemoreceptors of heart are? | Carotid body and Aortic body |
| Baroreceptors of heart are? | Carotid sinus and Aortic sinus |
| Projections in ventricles of heart is called? | Columnae carnae or Trabaculae carnae |
| Fixation of valve in ventricles of heart is done by? | Chorda Tendinea |
| Valve of Pulmonary Veins? | Valves are absent |
| Valve of Pulmonary Aorta? | Pulmonary Aortic semilunar valve |
| Valve of Aorta? | Aortic Semilunar valve |
| Valve of left atrioventricular? | Bicuspid valve (LAB) |
| Valve of right atrioventricular? | Tricuspid valve (RAT) |
| Heart sounds are due to? | Closing of heart valves |
| Audible heart sounds are? | 1st and 2nd |
| 1st heart sound(LUB) is due? | Closure of atrioventricular valves--> Systolic sound |
| 2nd heart sound (DUB) is due to? | Closure of semilunar valves--> Diastolic sound |
| Stethoscope works in the principle of? | Reflection of sound |
| What is cardiac cycle? | Systole and Diastole cycle of heart |
| Duration of one cardiac cycle? | 0.8 sec |
| Atrium Ventricle Systole ? ? Diastole ? ? | Atrium Ventricle Systole 0.1 0.3 Diastole 0.5 0.7 |
| Bradycardia is when? | Heart rate< 60 Parasympathetic action |
| Tachycardia is when? | Heart rate> 100 Sympathetic action |
| Bradycardia is common in? | Athletes |
| Heart rate of fetus? | 140/min |
| Heart rate of newborn? | 120/min |
| Heart rate of adult? | 72/min |
| Heart rate of elderly? | 60/min |
| Electrical activity of Heart recorded on graph is called? | Electrocardiogram |
| Device that records ECG is called? | Electrocardiograph |
| P wave is? | Atrial depolarization |
| QRS wave is? | Ventricular depolarization |
| T wave is? | Ventricular repolarization |
| Blood pumped in 1 contraction is called? | Stoke volume (70 ml) |
| Blood pumped in 1 minute is called? | Cardiac output (70*72= 5 llitre) |
| Maximum cardiac output goes to? | Liver (27%) |
| Cardiac output to liver (hepatic fraction) | 27% |
| Cardiac output to kidney (renal fraction) | 25% |
| Cardiac output to brain | 14-20% |
| Cardiac output to heart | 4% |
| Pulse is commonly taken from? | Radial Artery (wrist) |
| Pulse pressure is? | Systolic - Diastolic Pressure = 120 - 80 = 40 mmhg |
| BP is taken from? | Brachial Artery (arm) |
| What is Rheumatic Heart disease? | Heart valves are permanently damaged by Rheumatic fever |
| Coronary arteries supplies blood to? | Heart |
| Internal carotid arteries supplies blood to? | Brain |
| Phrenic arteries supplies blood to? | Diaphragm |
| Mesenteric arteries supplies blood to? | Intestine (superior--> small intestine and inferior--> large intestine) |
| Renal artery supplies blood to? | Kidney |
| Gonadal artery supplies blood to? | Gonads |
| Celiac artery supplies blood to? | Stomach, liver and spleen |
| Gastric artery supplies blood to? | Stomach |
| Hepatic artery supplies blood to? | Liver |
| Splenic artery supplies blood to? | Spleen |
| Circle of Willis supplies blood to? | Brain |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI)/ death of heart muscle | Heart attack |
| Block in impulse conduction from SA node | Heart Block |
| Heart fails to pump blood | Heart failure |
| Inflammation of endocardium of heart | Endocarditis |
| Venacava pierces diaphragm at the level? | T8 |
| Aorta/thoracic duct pierces diaphragm at the level? | T12 |
| Oesophagus pierces diaphragm at the level? | T10 |
| Erythroblastosis is caused due to? | Condition in the foetus brought about by the Ph incompatibility |
| What will happen to an adult human being if spleen is removed? | Filtration of dead RBC will stop |
| Carotid artery carries? | Oxygenated blood to the anterior region of body to the brain |
| The cation necessary for the coagulation of blood? | Calcium |
| The number of RBCs per mm³ of blood is? | 5.5 per mm³ |
| Blood circulation was discovered by? | William Harvey |
| During evolution, the heart to pump blood is found for the first time in? | Annelida |
| Artificial pacemaker is transplanted in? | Below the collarbone |
| Heart beats are controlled by a nodal tissue which is composed of? | Myonemes |
| Sinus venosus? | The sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. |
| Sinus venosus is present in? | Fish, amphibians and reptiles |
| Superior and inferior vena cava are also known as? | Pre caval and post caval |
| Pluera? | A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity |
| Sinus venosus opens into? | Right atrium |
| Atherosclerosis? | Atherosclerosis is a common condition that develops when a sticky substance called plaque builds up inside your arteries. |
| First heart transplant was performed by? | Christian Bernard |
| The tricuspid valve is present at the origin of? | Pulmonary arch |
| Foramen of panizzae is found in? | Crocodile- The foramen of Panizza is a hole that connects the left and right aorta as they leave the heart of all animals of the order Crocodilia. |
| ECG records? | Potential differences |
| Fall in blood pressure due to loss of blood is soon restored because the? | Heartbeat is increased |
| Serotonin in blood? | Constricts blood vessels (vaso constrictor) |
| Although much CO₂ is carried in the blood, yet blood does not become acidic, because? | In CO₂ transport, blood buffers play an important role |
| Blood capillaries are made of? | Endothelium only |
| Stethoscope was invented by? | Rene Laennec |
| The thickening of walls of arteries due to aging are called? | Arteriosclerosis |
| pH of blood in artery and vein is? | pH is more in arteries and less in veins |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis? | Erythroblastosis fetalis is hemolytic anemia in the fetus caused by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal red blood cells. |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis is caused when? | Husband is Rh+ and wife is Rh- |
| Pre caval veins collect blood from? | Head and forelimb |
| Femoral artery supplies blood to? | Hind limb |
| The process of blood clot formation within the circulatory system is? | Thrombosis |
| Blood to heart is brought by the venous system of? | Venacava |
| The shoulder and fore limb are connected to the heart by? | Subclavian artery |
| Which blood vessel in mammal carry the largest amount of urea? | Hepatic vein |
| In the inguinal canal lies? | Spermatic artery (male) and round ligament of uterus (female) |
| Largest blood vessel in the body? | Dorsal aorta |
| The carotid labyrinth of frog is concerned with the control of? | Blood pressure |
| Thrombosis in which coronary artery is met most frequently in MI(myocardial infarction)? | Left anterior descending artery |
| Innominate (not having a name) is? | Skeleton part and artery (The brachiocephalic artery The brachiocephalic veins The three large bones which form the hip bone) |
| Portal system? | A vein breaks up in an organ onto capillaries and restarts by their union as a new vein in the same organ |
| The hepatic portal system before joining reaching the liver joins? | Anterior mesenteric vein |
| Hypophysial portal system is found in? | Brain |
| Hepatic portal system starts from? | digestive system to liver |
| Digested food materials entering the blood reach the heart by? | Hepatic portal system, hepatic vein and post caval |
| Blood circulation that starts in capillaries and ends in capillaries is called? | Portal circulation |
| Lymph vessels are united to form? | Thoracic duct |
| The lymph serves to? | Return the interstitial fluid to the blood |
| A yellow substance oozing out from wound has? | Lymph + WBC + dead bacteria |
| Which vertebrate organ receives only oxygenated blood? | Spleen |
| The blood bank is? | Liver |
| Squeezing of leucocytes out from the endothelium of capillaries to fight foreign agents is known as? Accumulation of tissue fluid may be due to? | Diapedesis |
| The normal level of Haemoglobin per 100 ml of blood in women is? | 14 gms |
| Which element is responsible for the low haemoglobin content in the blood? | Iron |
| If a child's blood does not clot, he is prescribed? | Vitamin K |
| Protein involved in blood coagulation? | Fibrinogen --> plasma without fibrinogen is called serum |
| Blood groups in man were discovered by? | Landsteiner |
| The buffer salts present in the blood are? | Sodium and Potassium |
| In mammalian RBS, the percentage of haemoglobin is? | 34% of biomass |
| The pH of a healthy human blood is? | Alkaline (7.3-7.4) |
| Erythropoesis might be stimulated by the deficiency of? | Oxygen |
| Albumin, fibrinogen, prothrombin are manufactured in? | Liver |
| The swelling in any part of our body, caused by infiltration of serum into subcutaneous cellular tissue, is called? | Oedema |
| Which proteolytic enzyme induces lysis of fibrin during fibrinolysis? | Plasmin |
| Chemical nature of antibody is? | Protein |
| Hematocrit is related with? | RBC count--> percentage by volume of RBC in blood |
| Anticoagulant added in blood during storage? | Sodium Oxalate |
| Matured erythrocyte in a mammal does not have? | DNA |
| Normal blood sugar level in a man is? | 80-140 mg/100 ml |
| In haemogloblin, iron is present in which form? | Ferrous form |
| Sickle cell anaemia is very common in South Africa due to? | Change in the β-chain in the haemoglobin |
| If thymus gland of an infant is removed, which of the following will not form? | T-lymphocytes |
Created by:
Mushroomang
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