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VET 201- Exotic Lab
Rabbits
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hares | belong to the genus "Lepus" |
| Cottontails | descendants of North and South American rabbit, belong to genus "Sylvilagus." |
| Laboratory Rabbit | dervied from native European rabbit, belong to genus "Oryctolagus." |
| three genera of rabbits cannot be bred to produce viable offspring. | |
| New Zealand White (NZW) | most common rabbit, also used for meat production. 6.6-11 lbs on average. First bred at 6-7 months of age. |
| Dutch Belted | small breed, 2-4 lbs on average. Small breed, black/chocolate coat with a white belt encircling the thorax, white facial blaze and feet. |
| Flemish Giant | breed that is an average weight of 14.3-19.8 lbs. |
| Uses | -vaccine development, surgical models, investigate medical problems, they are used a lot because of their body size and easy to handle. |
| Behavior | -gentle docile animals, when frightened/painful may scream/foot stomp/growl/snort, become still when scared, rarely bite, rarely show obvious signs of pain. |
| Pain Signs | -inactivity, hunched stance, bruxism (teeth grinding), hiding, excessive/lack of grooming, aggression, anorexia. |
| Anatomy Etc. | anatomy: no foot pads, heavily muscled back/rear legs, light skeleton, long ears w/ prominent blood vessels. |
| Dental Formula | 2 (I 2/1, C 0/0, P 3/2, M 3/3) |
| Incisors | rabbits have an extra pair of incisors called "peg teeth," they are smaller and located behind the upper incisors. |
| Stomach | this has a thin wall and is not divided. |
| Feces | there are two types: firm dry daytime pellets and soft moist nutrient-rich nighttime feces. The nighttime feces are called cecotrophs and are ingested from floor or directly from anus. |
| Heart | this is relatively small, the right AV valve is bicuspid rather than tricuspid. |
| Rabbit Kidney | rabbits are the only known mammals in which the renal tubules can be dissected free from the kidney, making them useful in renal physiology studies. |
| Mature Females | this sex often have a prominent dewlap beneath their chin. They have a short slit-like opening. |
| Mature Males | this sex has a larger head, testicles may or may not be palpable due to the inguinal canals. Scrotal pouches are anterior to the penis. |
| Urine Profile | this is supposed to have an alkaline pH of 8.2, may appear cloudy due to high quantities of crystals. Sensitive to antibiotics. |
| Breeding | female should be taken to buck's cage, female displays lordosis, female may castrate male if unreceptive so only keep together shortly. |
| Reproductive Lifespan | does are 3 years and bucks are 5-6 years. |
| Reproduction | ovulation occurs about 10 hours after mating, pseudopregnancies are common. Females build a nest 3-4 days prior to birth and will used fur from their dewlap and sides. Kindling is rapid. |
| Kits | young rabbits, need nursed one a day, are altricial, begin eating solid food @ 16-17 days, weaned @ 4-6 wks, cannot regulate body temp until 7 days. Does will not retrieve kits outside their box. |
| Food | rabbits require dry pelleted commercial feed, high fiber can be used to reduce obesity and hairballs. |
| Handling/Restraint | needs to be handled gently but firm. Have very sensitive backs/ears. Use the "football hold" to secure (grab scrub and hindquarters). |
| Identification | -cage cards, ear tags, tattoos, SC microchip. |
| Small Blood Collection | marginal ear vein, cephalic vein, or lateral saphenous vein is used for this type of blood collection. |
| Large Blood Collection | central ear artery, jugular vein (restrain like cat), cardiac puncture (anesthesia required and is a terminal procedure) can be used for this type of blood collection. |
| Blood Collection Methods | there are methods to make blood collection more confortable: warming the ear, topical irritants, acepromazine IM, plucking hair above the area. Topical anesthetic (lidocaine-prilocaine) is applied. |
| Urine Collection | -clean catch sample, bladder expression, cystocentesis (w/ sedation/anesthesia), metabolic cage, catherization (w/ anesthesia). |
| Oral Drug Admin. | these drugs can be mixed into food and water is palatable, can also be given via syringe. An orogastric tube can be used for unpalatable liquids or for exact dosing. |
| SQ Drug Admin. | this drug administration uses the loose skin between the shoulder blades or over the back. |
| IM Drug Admin. | this drug administration usually uses the epaxial (lumbar) muscle or thigh muscles. |
| IV Drug Admin. | this drug administration uses marginal ear vein the most. Can use local anesthesia to decrease discomfort. |
| Anesthesia | food should be withheld 2-6 hours before surgery, difficult to intubate, atropine esterase is present in serum of 1/3 of domestic rabbits. |
| Injectable Agents | -ketamine and xylazine are most common, butorphanol or buprenorphine can be added to ketamine combinations. Antipamezole reverses drug effects. Avoid tiletamine hydrochloride. |
| Inhalation Agents | this anesthesia method is safe and commonly used. Pre meds allow for easier/safer induction. |
| Intubation | topical spray of lidocaine can be used to anesthetize the epiglottis. Avoid laryngeal spasm. Blind intubation can be used. |
| Sx Prep | |
| Anesthesia Depth Monitoring | |
| Analgesics | |
| X-ray Machine | |
| Euthanasia Methods | -overdose of barbiturate/barbiturate-based given IV, inhalant anesthetic overdose (less favorable), exsanguination (for polyclonal antibody production rabbits) |
| Stoic | not showing pain |
| Anorexia | this disease must be treated promptly. Treated w/ fluid therapy and nutritional support (oral re-hydration solutions / critical care products). |
| Pasteurellosis | single most common disease of domestic rabbits, may harbor the organisms without clinical signs. Can spread through direct contact/aerosols/fomites. Treated w/ Penicillin/enrofloxacin/tilmicosin. |
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | rabbits are often asymptomic carriers of this organism and should not be housed near guinea pigs. May facilitate Pasteurella infections. |
| Enteritis | second to pasteurellosis, the least understood. Focus on treating symptoms w/ hydration/temperature/high fiber diet/husbandry. Specific diseases are coccidiosis, enterotoxemia, Tyzzers’, and salmonellosis. |
| Enterotoxemia | "clostridium spp," this disease is the disruption of normal gut microflora. Coinciding infections are common. Use antibiotics. |
| Proliferative Enteropathy | this disease affects a wide variety of species worldwide. Intrapsecies transmission is likely and is transmitted through fecal-oral route. Transmission is usually ineffective. |
| Tyzzer's Disease | "clostridium piliforme," infections of this disease cause acute hemorrhagic typhlocolitis. Death within 12-24 hours. Animals present acute diarrhea, anorexia, lethargy, fecal staining on legs. |
| Staphylococcus aureus | "staphylococcus aureus" is a normal bacterial inhabitant of the nasopharynx/conjunctiva/skin. One of the most common causes of conjunctivitis. Is diagnosed w/ a culture. Antibiotics and topicals are sometimes effective to treat. |
| Mastitis | |
| Tularemia | |
| Myxomatosis | |
| Papillomatosis | |
| Dermatophytosis | |
| Encephalitozoonosis | |
| Ear Mites | |
| Fur Mites | |
| Fleas | |
| Cuterebra | |
| Pinworms | |
| Coccidiosis | |
| Neoplasia | the uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues in the body |
| Adenocarcinoma | |
| Neoplasia Examples | |
| Buphthalmis | |
| Lumbar Spinal Fracture/Luxation | |
| Gastric Trichobezoars (hairballs) | |
| Heatstroke | |
| Malocclusion | |
| Moist Dermatitis | |
| Splay Leg/Hip Dysplasia | |
| Ulcerative Dermatitis | |
| Housing | sexually mature rabbits will fight, females housed together at 3 months of age or younger establish stable groups, group housing can lead to trauma/pseudopregnancies/infertility. |
| Sexing | this is done by pressing the skin back from the genital opening |
| Gestation | 31 days |
| Altricial | hatched or born in an undeveloped state and requiring care and feeding by the parents. |
| Exsanguination | the action of draining a person, animal, or organ of blood. |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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