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VET 201- Exotic Lab
Guinea Pig
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Guinea Pig | (Cavia procellus) rodent related to chinchillas and porcupines, known as cavy/cavies, originated from Andes mountains, South America. |
| English Guinea Pig | pig with short straight hair. Has outbred, inbred, and mutant strains. |
| Abyssinian Guinea Pig | pig with short course hair arranged in whorls. |
| Peruvian Guinea Pig | pig with long fine silky hair. |
| Guinea Pig Uses | -food source in South America, research |
| Behavior | -communal, male-dominated social hierarchies, huddle next to side of cage, barbering when bored or for dominance, active during day and night, waste food, vocal. |
| Dental Formula | 2 (I 1/1, C 0/0, P 1/1, M 3/3) all teeth are open rooted |
| Coprophagic | involving the eating of excrement |
| Sebaceous Marking Glands | glands located near the rump, pigs will walk or sit while pressing these glands against a surface. |
| Male Guinea Pigs | larger in size, has large testes and an os penis with two prongs at tip. Has slit-shaped rectal opening and several accessory sex glands. Penis can be felt under the skin and protruded by manual pressure. |
| Anogenital Distance | very little difference in distance. |
| Female Guinea Pigs | bred at 2-3 months of age or 350-450 g. May double in weight during pregnancy. Need to be bred prior to 7 months to prevent permanent fusion of pelvic symphysis. |
| Estrus | continuously polyestrous, has a 15-17 day estrous cycle. |
| Gestation | 59-72 (68) days. Sow does not build a nest. |
| Farrowing | usually takes 30 minutes, with 5-10 minutes between pups. Has 1-6 pups. Are fertile postpartum and estrus occurs 2-10 hours after birth. |
| Young Guinea Pigs | |
| Diet | should be fed ad libitum, do not feed rabbit food, use self-feeders hung on wall. Need kale, parsley, beet greens, kiwi fruit, broccoli, oranges, cabbage for Vitamin C. |
| Small Blood Collection | pigs lack readily accessible peripheral veins. Small amounts under 1 mL can use a saphenous or cephalic vein. |
| Large Blood Collection | Large quantities of blood use a cranial vena cava or jugular vein, or femoral vessels under sedation. Cardiac can also be used under anesthesia. |
| Urine Collection | -digital pressure on bladder, cystocentesis, metabolic cage. |
| Oral Drug Admin. | this is done by using a small oral syringe. The anatomy of the soft palate makes it difficult to use a feeding tube. |
| Subcutaneous Drug Admin. | this is done over the neck and back, skin tends to be tough. |
| Intramuscular Drug Admin. | this is done in the lumbar or quadriceps muscles used to avoid injury to the sciatic nerve. |
| Intraperitoneal Drug Admin. | injections in this are made lateral to the midline in the lower right quadrant. |
| IV Drug Admin. | this is done in a saphenous or cephalic vein. |
| Anesthesia | should not be fasted for 3-6 priors to induction. Care must be taken to determine true body weight. Eye lubricant and supplemental heat are important during anesthesia. |
| Surgery | pigs can be difficult to monitor since inhalant agents can cause animal to show squirming movements although they are not conscious. Ear pinch/resp rate/heart rate are more reliable. |
| Symptoms of Pain | -abnormal posture appearing hunched, excessive salivation, reluctance to move. |
| Euthanasia Methods | -inhalant anesthetic overdose -IV/IP admin of euth agent -overdose of injectable anesthetic agent -exposure to controlled release of carbon dioxide |
| Illness Signs | -hunched posture, scruffy unkempt coat, reduced appetite and weight loss, lethargy, disinterest in surroundings, discharge from eyes/nose, diarrhea. |
| Antibiotic Toxicity | guinea pigs are highly sensitive to antibiotics, normal flora is destroyed and permits an overgrowth of gram-negative organisms. Disease is almost always fatal. |
| Bordetella bronchiseptica and Streptococcus pneumoniae | younger/pregnant sows at risk. Affected animals have no clinical signs of these. Signs may include: dyspnea, nasal discharge, sneezing, anorexia, ruffled fur. |
| Salmonellosis | a highly lethal bacterial disease, rarely detected in research facilities. Mainly from contaminated water/food. |
| Ulcerative Pododermatitis | commonly called bumblefoot, frequently associated with Staphlococcus spp. infection. Obese animals and animals w/ wire flooring are susceptible. |
| Mastitis | common bacterial disease in lactating sows. Glands become warm, enlarged, and hyperemic. Young should be weaned immediately if sow is infected. Treated w/ systemic antibiotics/analgesics, hot packs may also help. |
| Conjunctivitis | chlamydophila caviae causes this. Outbreaks are common in enzootically infected colonies. Adults are usually asymptomatic. Overt signs of disease seen in 1-3 wk old pigs. |
| Cystitis and Urolithiasis | UTIs are common in older sows. Disease often subclinical until blockage or severe infection occurs. Commonly treated w/ trimethoprim-sulfa or enrofloxacin. Urinary calculi are common. |
| Dermatophytosis | |
| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | |
| Adenovirus | |
| Acariasis | |
| T. caviae | |
| C. caviae | |
| Protozoans | |
| Cryptosporidium wrairi | |
| Nematode Infections | |
| Neoplasia | |
| Trauma | |
| Heat Stress | |
| Scurvy | |
| Preputial Infection | |
| Vaginitis | |
| Dystocia | |
| Pregnancy Toxemia | |
| Gastric Dilation, Cecal Torsion, and Typhilitis | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | |
| Soft Tissue Calcification | |
| Osteoarthritis |
Created by:
Riley.Scherf
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