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Billie Gonzalez
Physiology Week 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron’s axon is called a(n) | synaptic knob. |
| Whether an impulse is continued through the neuron depends on the magnitude of the voltage in the axon hillock | True |
| Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (below the usual RMP) is called | hyperpolarization. |
| A synapse can occur only between an axon and | another axon, a dendrite, a cell body |
| If the magnitude of the local depolarization surpasses a limit called the _____, voltage-gated Na+ channels are stimulated to open. | threshold potential |
| In a myelinated fiber, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next. | True |
| The sodium-potassium pump actively pumps three potassium ions out of the neuron and two sodium ions into the neuron. | False |
| Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to: | receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. |
| Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: | amines |
| Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are classified as: | catecholamines. |
| The action of acetylcholine is quickly terminated by its being hydrolyzed by the enzyme | acetylcholinesterase. |
| The most numerous cerebral tracts are the | association tracts |
| The limbic system integrates | emotion. |
| The reticular activating system maintains | consciousness. |
| The two main types of adrenergic receptors are | alpha and beta. |
| The cortex is capable of storing and retrieving information from both short-term and long-term | memory. |
| Mixed cranial nerves contain axons of | sensory and motor neurons. |
| Afferent nerves or fibers are found only in the _____ nervous system. | Both A and B are correct |
| A child was frightened by a large dog. The pupils of the child’s eyes became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of: | the sympathetic nervous system. |
| Acetylcholine can stimulate _____ receptors. | nicotinic |
| The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased. | False |
| Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? | Regulation of motor activity |
| If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | willed movement |
| A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? | Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated |
| Which hormone is released by the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid gland? | thyrotropin |
| Which hormone produced by the adrenal glands is responsible for mobilization of energy stores? | Cortisol |
| What should you avoid doing in the middle of your sleep cycle that would lower melatonin? | turning on the lights |
| What goes wrong in the function of insulin in type 2 diabetes? | the cells don't respond to insulin like they should |
| The brain interprets the meaning of the sounds we hear as music, speech, noise, etc. Which ear structures are responsible for the amplification and transfer of sound from the external ear to the inner ear? | The ossicles |
| When the right cornea senses a tactile stimulus, what happens to the left eye? | blinks |
| Which is not true of the hormone somatostatin? | It stimulates the secretion of insulin |
| When you are looking at a large green field, which cones would be sending the green wavelength to the brain? | M |
| The somatic senses enable us to detect sensations, including: | Pain, Touch and Temp. |
| Movement of hair cells in the organ of Corti against the _____ membrane can stimulate nerve impulse condition. | tectorial |
| Sensory impulses ending in what part of the CNS trigger imprecise or “crude” sensation awareness? | Thalamus |
| Fluid shift is when... | then body's fluids move between the fluid compartments. |
| The second step of hemostasis occurs when additional coagulation factors beyond factor VII respond in a cascade to form fibrin strands. Fibrin stands strengthen what? | platelet plug |
| circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries ____________ blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns ____________blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart. | deoxygenated; oxygenated |
| In an electrocardiogram the T wave represents | repolarization of the ventricles. |
| Lymph is filtered by the | lymph nodes |
| The lymphatic organs produce | lymphocytes |
| The purpose of the lymphatic system is to | fight against infection |
| Fluid that is clear, watery and contains protein molecules, salts, and other substances is called | intercellular fluid |
| The lymphatic system is made up of lymphatic vessels where lymph flows in only one direction towards | the heart |
| Antigen presenting macrophage interact with | a T-helper cell that recognizes the same antigen |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a | germinal center. |
| Chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor. |
| Which of these substances operate(s) immune mechanisms? | sebum, mucus, enzymes and hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosa |
| Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir? | spleen |
| Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes? | immunoglobulin M |
| Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease? | interferon |
| One hundred milliliters of arterial blood contain approximately what volume percent of oxygen? | 20% |
| Which of the following would have the greatest accelerating effect on the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin? | Decreased PO2 and increased PCO2 |
| The PCO2 in the atmosphere is: | less than in the alveolar air. |
| When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure: | expiration occurs. |
| During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes: | a decrease in alveolar pressure. |
| The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg. | 160 |
| The major form by which carbon dioxide is transported in the circulatory system is: | as bicarbonate ions. |
| If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. | 150 |
| Normal, quiet breathing is known as: | eupnea. |
| Which muscles are used for forced expiration? | Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals |
| Because fats are insoluble in water, they must be | emulsified. |
| Stimulation of gastric juice secretion occurs in all of the following phases except the _____ phase. | digestive |
| The act of expelling feces is called | defecation. |
| CCK is an intestinal hormone that | causes the pancreas to increase secretion of exocrine high in enzymatic content., opposes the influence of gastrin on gastric parietal cells. stimulates contraction of the gallbladder so that bile can pass into the duodenum. |
| Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid, which is produced by the _____ of the gastric glands. | parietal cells |
| The wave-like ripple of the muscle layer of the GI tract is called | peristalsis. |
| The process of deglutition includes all of the following except the _____ stage. | laryngeal |
| The hormone that inhibits gastric muscle, slowing passage of food into the duodenum, is called | gastric inhibitory peptide. |
| Which of the following is not true of enzymes? | They change chemically and are in the end products of the reaction. |
| The enterogastric reflex causes: | inhibition of gastric peristalsis. |
| Which of the processes of mechanical digestion involves the esophagus? | Deglutition and Peristalsis |
| Which of the following is a disaccharide? | Sucrose |
| The hormone thought to be a messenger causing release of digestive enzymes from the intestinal mucosa is: | vasoactive intestinal peptide. |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? | Cephalic phase |
| Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus? | Oropharynx |
Created by:
Billie Gonzalez
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