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Stack #3524239
Final Exam Preparation for Physiology #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the | threshold stimulus. |
| According to the sliding filament theory | actin moves past myosin. |
| Three phases of the twitch contraction are the | latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase. |
| The joints between the articulating surfaces of the vertebral processes are classified as what type of joint? | gliding |
| Which of the following is not among the structures that characterize synovial joints? | tendons |
| Which type of movement occurs between the carpal and tarsal bones and between the articular facets of adjoining spinal vertebrae? | gliding |
| _____ occurs when the foot is tilted upward, thus decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg. | Dorsiflexion |
| Some synovial joints contain a closed pillow-like structure called a(n) | bursa. |
| Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint? | elbow joint |
| The joint present during the growth years between the epiphyses of a long bone and its diaphysis is the | synchrondrosis. |
| Joints joined by fibrocartilage are called | symphyses. |
| Which structure allows the electrical signals to travel along the sarcolemma and move deeper into the cell? | transverse tubule |
| Muscle tone is maintained by | negative feedback mechanisms. |
| Which of the following is not a part of the neuromuscular junction? | T-tubules |
| Which type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis? | Single-unit smooth |
| In the structure called a triad, the T-tubule is sandwiched between: | sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
| In terms of function, which is considered an immovable joint? | Synarthrosis |
| The rotator cuff muscles and tendons form a cufflike arrangement around the _____ joint. | shoulder |
| A condyloid joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. | biaxial |
| Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| The ion necessary for cross-bridging is: | calcium. |
| After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? | Troponin |
| Aerobic respiration: | produces the maximum amount of energy available from each glucose molecule. |
| An example of a pivot joint is(are) the: | head of the radius articulating with the ulna. |
| Muscle contractions will continue as long as: | the calcium ions are attached to the troponin. |
| During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | Latent period |
| Which joint allows for a unique movement called opposition? | Saddle |
| Moving a part of the body forward is: | protraction. |
| The knee joint is an example of a _____ joint. | hinge |
| All of the following are true characteristics of an isometric contraction except: | movement is produced. |
| Which of the following statements is incorrect about motor units? | The more muscle fibers stimulated by a motor neuron, the more precise the movements of that muscle can be. |
| The type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the: | shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones. |
| If the magnitude of the local depolarization surpasses a limit called the _____, voltage-gated Na+ channels are stimulated to open. | threshold potential |
| Which membrane receptor acts to directly change ion permeability when stimulated? | Gated-channel receptor |
| The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron’s plasma membrane is called the _____ membrane potential. | resting |
| When a neuron is resting, the inner surface of its plasma membrane is slightly positive compared with its outer surface. | False |
| When neurotransmitters from synaptic knobs stimulate a postsynaptic neuron in rapid succession, their effect can add up over a brief period to produce an action potential. This is called | temporal summation. |
| The speed of a nerve impulse depends on the neuron’s resting potential. | False |
| A term commonly used as a synonym for action potential is | nerve impulse. |
| The sodium-potassium pump actively pumps three potassium ions out of the neuron and two sodium ions into the neuron. | False |
| The action potential seems to “leap” from node to node along a myelinated fiber. This type of impulse regeneration is called __________ conduction. | saltatory |
| The brief period during which a local area of an axon's membrane resists re-stimulation is called the __________ period. | refractory |
| The active transport mechanism in the plasma membrane that transports sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions and at different rates is the | sodium-potassium pump. |
| A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be | polarized. |
| The mechanisms that produce and maintain the resting membrane potential do so by producing a | slight excess of positive ions on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. |
| A synapse can occur only between an axon and: | any of the above. |
| The difference between sodium and potassium in the generation of action potential is that: | sodium causes depolarization of the cell membrane, and potassium causes repolarization of the cell membrane. |
| Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to: | receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. |
| Which is true of a neuron with a resting potential? | The sodium pump has moved Na+ to the outside of the plasma membrane. |
| Which of the following antidepressants acts by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase (MAO)? | Phenelzine |
| During a relative refractory period: | the action potential can be initiated with a strong stimulus. |
| Serotonin is an example of a(n): | amine neurotransmitter. |
| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | enkephalins. |
| Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in certain brain synapses of: | amines. |
| For a neurotransmitter to produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, which of the following channels must open? | Potassium and/or chloride channels |
| Which of the following statements about amino acid neurotransmitters is incorrect? | They are all inhibitory neurotransmitters. |
| Which of the following is true of spatial summation? | Neurotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron. |
| Which of the following is not one of the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters? | Triglycerides |
| The only ion(s) that can diffuse across a neuron’s membrane when the neuron is at rest is (are): | potassium. |
| No impulse can be sent through a neuron: | during the absolute refractory period. |
| The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is: | some of the sodium channels at the point of stimulation open. |
| When an impulse reaches a synapse: | chemical transmitters are released. |
| A slight shift away from the resting membrane potentials in a specific region of the plasma membrane is called a _____ potential. | local |
| Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are classified as: | catecholamines. |
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alainlemesse
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