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VET 109- A + P

cell physiology and body fluids- wk 2

TermDefinition
Intracellular Fluid fluid inside the cell
Extracellular Fluid fluid outside the cell
Interstitial Fluid extracellular fluid specifically found in tissues
Intravascular Fluid fluid in the blood vessels
Solutes body fluids contain many particles that are capable of conducting an electrical current
Electrolyte Concentrations mEq/L
Highest Intracellular Concentrations -potassium, magnesium, sulfate, and hydrogen phosphate
Highest Extracellular Concentrations -sodium, bicarbonate, chloride
Acidity occurs when there are more free H+ atoms in a solution.
Alkalinity occurs when there are more free OH- ions in a solution.
Osmolality measurement of solute concentration in a fluid.
Osmosis passive movement of water through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the water concentration is lower. Occurs in the opposite direction of diffusion. Unlike diffusion the water (not solute) is moving, also requires a selective membrane
Isotonic osmolality comparable to that of normal blood
Hypotonic osmolality is less than that of blood, cytoplasm of the cell is more concentrated than the extracellular fluid, water flows into the cell and causes it to swell and possibly break.
Hypertonic osmolality is greater than that of blood. Extracellular fluid is more concentrated than the cytoplasm, water shifts into the extracellular space causing the cell to shrink and become shriveled.
Electrolytes small and most abundant solute in the body, greatest ability to cause fluid shifts between compartments.
Organic Molecules large and not as numerous, evenly distributed among fluid compartments, constitute bulk of solutes.
Water and Osmolality any change in the concentration of any solute incurs a movement of water from one compartment to another. -water crosses cell membrane or crosses capillary walls
Edema abnormal excess accumulation of fluid in tissue, is commonly a sign of abnormal movement of fluid from vascular (blood vessels) space into interstitial (neighboring fluid filled space) space.
Crystalloid an IV fluid that's composed of electrolyte rich water, solutes are small enough to cross vascular wall.
Colloid an IV fluid that has heavy molecules suspended in isotonic crystalloid, solutes are too large to cross vascular wall.
Resuscitation Fluids fluid administration that increases the volume in intravascular space.
Replacement Fluids fluid administration that replaces fluid losses.
Maintenance Fluids fluid administration that maintains bodily function losses
Dehydration and Fluid Deficit replacement fluid = losses from dehydration + ongoing losses + maintenance fluid
Fluid Replacement Formula (mL) (body weight in kg) x (dehydration %) x 1000
Membrane Processes absorption of nutrients or excretion of waste through plasma membrane may occur with or without expenditure of energy (ATP) from the cell.
Diffusion movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Facilitated Diffusion movement of molecules through the cell membrane with the assistance of an integral protein or carrier protein located in the bilayer, requires no energy from the cell.
Osmotic Pressure the force of water moving from one side of the membrane to the other.
Active Transport relies on a carrier protein with a specific binding site, does not require a concentration gradient, requires use of energy by the cell. -sodium-potassium pump
Symport System all substances are moved in the same direction
Antiport System some substances moved in one direction, others moved in the opposite direction.
Endocytosis transports large particles or liquids into the cell by engulfing them.
Exocytosis substances to be exported are packaged in vesicles by the ER and Golgi body. Vesicles move through the cytoplasm to the cell surface, fuse with the plasma membrane, and release their contents into the extracellular fluid.
Membrane Potential = Voltage potential electrical energy created by the separation of opposite charges. Refers to changes in distribution of charged particles on either side of the cell membrane. Plasma membrane more permeable to some molecules than others.
Membrane Potential Values all cells contain membrane potential, normal ranges are -20 to -22 millivolts (mV)
Mitosis Major Periods the life cycle of the cell divided into interphase (the cell is growing, maturing, and differentiating) and mitotic phase (the cell is actively dividing).
Stages of Mitosis -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase
Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm
Prophase mitosis phase where chromatin strands coil and condense to form chromosomes linked at a central kinetochore. The spindle apparatus forms and nuclear envelope disintegrates.
Metaphase mitosis phase where chromosomes line up in the center of the spindle, the centromere of each chromosome is attached to a spindle fiber.
Anaphase mitosis phase where chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers to form a duplicate set of chromosomes, the cytoplasm constricts at the metaphyseal plate
Telophase mitosis phase where chromatin begins to unravel at the poles of the cell, a nuclear envelope appears, cytokinesis marks the end of this phase.
Transcription part of protein synthesis where genetic info in DNA is copied onto messenger RNA (mRNA).
Translation part of protein synthesis where complementary nucleotides pair with the mRNA to create the protein.
Mutagen anything that causes a genetic mutation. -ex. viruses, ionizing radiation, certain chemicals
Created by: Riley.Scherf
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