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PMI A&P Ch 1
PMI Anatomy & Physiology Ch 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomical position | the body is in an erect, or standing, posture with arms at the sides and palms turned forward |
| bilateral symmetry | the left and right sides of the body roughly mirror each other |
| supine | body is lying face upward |
| prone | body is lying face downward |
| superior | toward the head, upper, or above |
| inferior | toward the feet, lower, or below |
| anterior | front, or in front of |
| posterior | back, or in back of |
| ventral | toward the belly |
| dorsal | toward the back |
| medial | toward the midline of the body |
| lateral | toward the side of the body or away from its midline |
| proximal | toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point or origin of one of its part |
| distal | away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part |
| superficial | nearer the surface |
| deep | farther away from the body surface |
| sagittal plane | a cut or section that runs along a lengthwise plane running from anterior to posterior; divides body or any of its parts into right and left sides |
| midsagittal plane | divides the body into two equal halves |
| frontal plane/coronal plane | a lengthwise plane running from side to side |
| transverse plane | crosswise or horizontal plane divides the body or any of its parts into superior and inferior portions |
| oblique plane | divides the body at an angle between the horizontal and vertical planes |
| cranial cavity | brain |
| spinal cavity | spinal cord |
| dorsal cavity | cranial cavity and spinal cavity |
| ventral cavity | thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
| thoracic cavity | mediastinum and pleural cavities |
| mediastinum | heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and blood vessels |
| pleural cavities | lungs |
| abdominopelvic cavity | abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
| abdominal cavity | liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestines, parts or large intestine |
| pelvic cavity | lower (sigmoid) colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs |
| abdominal region | anterior torso below diaphragm |
| antebrachial region | forearm |
| axillary region | armpit |
| brachial region | arm |
| buccal region | cheek |
| carpal region | wrist |
| cephalic region | head |
| cervical region | neck |
| cranial region | skull |
| crural region | leg |
| cubital region | elbow (inside) |
| cutaneous | skin (or body surface) |
| digital region | fingers or toes |
| dorsal region | back |
| facial region | face |
| femoral region | thigh |
| frontal region | forehead |
| gluteal region | buttock |
| inguinal region | groin |
| lumbar region | lower back between ribs and pelvis |
| mammary region | breast |
| nasal region | nose |
| occipital region | back of lower skull |
| olecranal region | back of elbow |
| orbital region OR ophthalmic region | eyes |
| palmar region | palm of hand |
| pedal region | foot |
| pelvic region | lower portion of torso |
| perineal region | area (perineum) between anus and genitals |
| plantar region | sole of foot |
| popliteal region | area behind knee |
| supraclavicular region | area above clavicle (collar bone) |
| tarsal region | ankle |
| temporal region | side of skull |
| thoracic region | entire chest |
| umbilical region | area around the naval or umbilicus |
| volar region | palm or sole |
| zygomatic region | upper cheek |
| axial portion | head, neck, and torso or trunk |
| appendicular portion | upper and lower extremities |
| atrophy | degenerative process that results from lack of use |
| homeostasis | the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems |
| feedback loop | a highly complex and integrated communication control system |
| sensor | part of a homeostatic feedback loop that detects changes in the physiological variable that is regulated by the feedback loop |
| control center | part of a homeostatic feedback loop that integrates (puts together) set point (preprogrammed) information with actual sensed information about a physiological variable and then possibly sends out a signal to an effector to change the variable |
| effector | any organ that has an effect on the body's internal environment in response to feedback; for example, voluntary and involuntary muscle, the heart, and glands |
| negative feedback | homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be changed in the direction opposite to that of the initial stimulus |
| positive feedback | homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be pushed farther in the direction of the original deviation, causing an amplification of the original stimulus; aka labor & blood clots |
Created by:
cdilello
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