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OSI_Model

Open System Inter-Connect Model concepts

QuestionAnswer
Name the 7 layers of the OSI model L1 - Physical, L2 - DataLink, L3 - Network, L4 - Transport, L5 - Session, L6 - Presentation, L7 - Application
What does OSI stand for? Open System Inter-Connect
What is the OSI model? Theoretical 7 layer model that represents how networks function and help to standardize the design elements of network components.
What layer handles the addressing and routing functionality? Network
What layer has the function of connections and sessions? Session
What layer has the function of network services? Applicaiton
What layer functionality deals with media, electrical signals and connectors? Physical
What layer functionality is to gather together and complete all the elements that make up a packet/frame? DataLink
What layer has the function fragmentation/defragmentation? Transport
What layer has the function of error correction/management? Transport
What layer has the function of managing and translating information by catering to differences in the ways computer systems store and manage their data? Presentation
What layer has the function of CRC generation/checking? DataLink
What layer has the function of flow control? Transport
What layer has the function of encryption? Presentation
What layer has the function of authentication? Application
What layer has the function of network access? DataLink
What layer has the function of reliable data delivery? Transport
What layer has the function of determining what way data is placed on network media? Physical
What does CRC stand for? Cyclic Redundancy Check
Describe what fragmentation is: When data being sent is bigger than the allowable packet size, the transport layer breaks the data into smaller, manageable chunks that will fit inside two or more packets.
Describe error correction/management: Process in the transport layer that confirms whether transmitted packets have reached their destination intact (or at all) and retransmits them if they haven't.
What is the management of the flow of data? A process in the transport layer that ensures that packets are sent at a pace that is suitable for the receiving device and for general network conditions.
What layer sets up, manages and terminates the data connections (called sessions) between network devices. Session
Session layer enables what function? Network systems to exchange data.
What layers represents the network related program code and functions running on the computer system? Application
What is TCP/IP? A suite of protocols that were based on the Department of Defence Model which preceds the OSI Model.
What are the layers of the TCP/IP DoD Model? Application Layer, Transport aka Host-to-Host Layer, Internet and Network Interface.
What layers in the OSI model is represented in the Application Layer of the TCP/IP DoD Model? application layer, presentation layer and session layer.
What layer in the OSI model is represented in the transport aka host-to-host layer in the TCP/IP DoD Model? Transport
What layer in the OSI model is represented in the Internet Layer of the TCP/IP DoD Model? Network
How does the Network Interface Layer in the TCP/IP DoD model correspond with the OSI Model? Consists of the Data Link Layer and Physical Layer in OSI model.
Name 5 protocols that you likely encouter every day in the application layer of the TCP/IP DoD Model: FTP, Telnet, SMTP, SNMP, NNTP, DNS, HTTP, POP, HTTPS, DHCP, TFTP, NTP
What protocols provide transport services for the application layer protocol? TCP (transmission control protocol) and UDP (Universal datagram protocol)
Characteristics of TCP: Connection-Oriented, Segments contain sequence numbers, uses PAR, controls segment size, flow control, the rate at which data is exchanged, and network traffic congestion
Describe PAR: Positive Acknowledgement and Retransmission : Source device starts a timer when it sends a segment and retransmits if an acknowledment is not received before the timer expires.
What is flow control? Ability for the receiver of the TCP traffic to govern amount of data sent by sender.
What is UDP primarily used for? And how does it deal with tranmission errors? Speed and relies on the protocols to detect transmission erros and retransmit data.
What does TCP and UDP have in common? Use of ports
What is a port? Identifiers in the TCP and UDP encapsulations that tell neighbor devices operating at the transport layer what application layer protocol the traffic is destined for.
What is the destination ports? Are the port numbers that tell the receiver to pass the TCP and UDP traffic up to the specific Application Layer Protocol.
What is the source ports? Port numbers randomly chosen above the number 1023 and is used as a means for the sender and receiver to distinguish multiple applications using the same protocol.
What protocol is the dominate protocol in the Internet Layer? IP
What are other protocol that support IP? ICMP (Internet Control Messaging Protocol) and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
Purpose of ARP? Address Resolution Protocol - allows devices to resolve IP address to data link physical address (MAC address)
Purpose of ICMP? Internet Control Messaging Protocol - Ping to test IP connectivity and Trace Route to determin the route taken by IP packet.
What occurs in the Network Interface Layer? TCP/IP protocols will be encapsulated into frames such as Ethernet, PPP, HDLC and Frame-Relay and out a physical interface on its journey to the final destination.
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