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CIS Unit 1
Modules 1, 2, 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Systems thinking is a way of assessing a system such as a business system or a computer system. It involves the following elements | Output, Process, Input, Feedback |
| The Systems Thinking ideas of Input → Process → Output are fundamental to designing, developing and maintaining computer systems. In a Point-of-Sales (POS) system at a grocery store, which of the following is an output? | Sales Receipt and Purchase History Report |
| The Systems Thinking ideas of Input → Process → Output are fundamental to designing, developing and maintaining computer systems. In a Point-of-Sales (POS) system at a grocery store, which of the following is process? | Calculating total of tax and choosing type of payment |
| The Systems Thinking ideas of Input → Process → Output are fundamental to designing, developing and maintaining computer systems. In a Point-of-Sales (POS) system at a grocery store, which of the following is an input? | Scanning customer's item and receiving customer payment |
| These are types of System Software? | Utility Software and Operating System Software |
| These are examples of Application Software | Browsers (e.g. Chrome, Safari), Word Processing, Spreadsheets |
| Why do businesses use information systems? | To compete in the marketplace, to carry out and manage their operations, and to interact with their customers and suppliers |
| A typical information system will have these.. | a program to help use the data, somewhere to store data (often in the form of a database), a user interface where commands can be issued and results received. |
| Productivity | is the rate at which goods and services are produced based upon total output given total inputs. |
| Goals & Outcomes (Desired Results) | are the ultimate results that the system wants to accomplish. |
| Outputs (Tangible Results) | are the tangible results produced by a system. Information is often the result of a computer program. Outputs are often described by using numbers. |
| Processes (Methods to Produce Results) | or production activities, are series of activities that manipulate the various inputs (raw materials) to achieve the overall desired goal of the organization, product or service. |
| Inputs | are items (raw materials) that are used by various processes in the system to achieve the overall goal of the system. General types of inputs include people, money, equipment, facilities, supplies, people's ideas and people's time. |
| Production | is the process where a business takes raw materials and processes them or converts them into a finished product for its goods or services |
| Services | are tasks performed by people that customers will buy to satisfy a want or need |
| Goods | are material items or products that customers will buy to satisfy a want or need |
| system | is a set of computer equipment and programs used together for a particular purpose |
| System | is a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose. |
| System Thinking | is a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part. |
| Information System | is a set of computer-based for collecting, storing, and processing data the data in our world |
| Management Information Systems (MIS) | is a business function, like accounting and human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate decision making and problem solving. |
| Learning | is enhanced knowledge, skills and attitudes that are gained to remain or become more effective in achieving desired results. |
| Evaluation | means collecting information or feedback in an orderly manner and making judgments to make important decisions. |
| Assessment | means to take some measurement from the feedback |
| Feedback | is information that returns to the system and allows the system to modify its actions and thereby ensure correct processing and maintain stability. |
| Reductionist | approach is the fundamental method behind modern science and by extension, our modern understanding of the world. |
| Reductionism | is the process of breaking down or reducing systems to their constituent parts and then describing the whole system primarily as simply the sum of these constituent elements |
| Synthesis | is the combination of components or elements to form a connected whole |
| Analysis | is the traditional method of reasoning taken within modern science whereby we try to gain an understanding of a system by breaking it down into its constituent element |
| Paradigm | is a worldview underlining the theory and methodology of a particular scientific subject thus we can understand a paradigm to be the foundation that shapes our way of seeing the world it is the assumptions and methods out of which we build theories |
| Systems thinking | provides an end-to-end view of how operations work together to create a product or service. |
| These symbols are used in binary number systems... | 1 and 0 |
| Which of the following describe aspirational goals critical to an organization achieving its mission and purpose? | Critical Success Factors (CSIs) |
| What improves business process efficiencies by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps? | Streamlining |
| Competitive Advantage | is a feature of a product (or service) on which customers place greater value than similar offerings from competitors. |
| BPMN event | Anything that happens during the course of a business process. |
| BPMN activity | A task in a business process. |
| BPMN gateway | Used to handle the flow (forking, merging and joining of paths) of a process. |
| BPMN flows | Display the path in which a process flows. |
| Streamlining | Improvements to a business process that remove or eliminate unnecessary steps. |
| Reengineering | Is typically associated with strategic business process change, including cross-departmental business processes and often assumes the current process is irrelevant, does not work, or is broken, and must be overhauled from scratch. |
| Automation | The process of computerizing tasks (typically manual tasks), making them ore efficient and effective. |
| Data | Is used by computers and machines and raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object. |
| Information | Has been converted into something meaningful with a useful context. |
| Knowledge | An asset of this type is also called intellectual capital and includes skills, experience, and expertise |
| Variable | A data characteristic (or container) that stands for (or holds) a value that changes over time. |
| CSF (Critical Success Factor) | Crucial steps companies perform. An example is: increase customer satisfaction |
| KPI (Key Performance Indicator) | Quantifiable metrics a company uses to valuate progress toward a goal. An example is: Return on Investment and # of new customers |
| Computer | is an electronic device that manipulates information or data the computer sees data as ones and zeros but it knows how to combine them into much more complex such as a photo, movie, website, game and much more. |
| Operating System or OS | is the program that lets you interact with your computer, together the operating system and computer hardware form a complete system that determines what your computer can do |
| Applications or apps | is a software program that lets you do things such as apps that help you complete task or just to have fun |
| System software | controls how the various technology tools work together along with the application software. |
| System software | includes both the operating system software and utility software |
| Operating system software | controls the application software and manages how the hardware devices work together. |
| Dual boot | provides the user with the option of choosing the operating system when the computer is turned on |
| First-Mover Advantage | An advantage that occurs when a company can significantly increase its market share by being first to market with a competitive advantage. |
| Competitive Intelligence | the process of gathering information about the competitive environment, including competitors’ plans, activities, and products, to improve a company’s ability to succeed. |
| Business process modeling or mapping | the activity of creating a detailed flowchart or process map of a work process that shows its inputs, tasks, and activities in a structured sequence. |
| Business Process Model | a graphic description of a process, showing the sequence of process tasks, which is developed for a specific purpose and from a selected viewpoint. |
| Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) | A graphical notation that depicts the steps in a business process. |
| As-Is process model | Represents the current state of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes. |
| To-Be process model | Shows the results of applying change improvement opportunities to the current (As-Is) process model. |
| To-Be process model | This approach ensures that the process is fully and clearly understood before the details of a process solution are decided on. The To-Be process model shows how “the what” is to be realized. |
| Data | Raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object |
| Fact | is the confirmation or validation of an event or object. |
| Application service provider license | is a specialty software paid for on a license basis or per-use basis or usage-based licensing |
| Site license | enables any qualified uses within the organization to install the software, regardless of whether the computer is on a network. Some employees might install the software on a home computer for working remotely |
| Network user license | enables anyone on the network to install and use the software |
| Single user license | restricts the use of the software to one user at a time |
| Software upgrade | occurs when the software vendor releases a new version of the software, making significant changes to the program. |
| Software updates (software patch) | occur when the software vendor releases updates to software to fix problems or enhance features |
| Course management software | contains course information such as a syllabus and assignments and offers drop boxes for quizzes and homework, along with a grade book |
| Personal information management (PIM) software | handles contact information, appointments, task lists, and email. |
| Application software | is used to solve specific problems or perform specific tasks. |
| Application software | is used for specific information processing needs, including payroll, customer relationship management, project management, training, and many others. |
| Utility software | includes antivirus software, screen savers and anti spam software |
| Utility Software | provides additional functionality to the operating system |
| Multitasking | allows more than one piece of software to be used at a time |
| Operating system software | also supports a variety of useful features, one of which is multitasking. |
| embedded operating system | is used in computer appliances and special-purpose applications, such as an automobile, ATM, or media player that are used for a single purpose. An iPod has a single-purpose, embedded operating system |
| Web analysis | Analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation. |
| Text analysis | Analyzes unstructured data to find trends and patterns in words and sentences. |
| Speech analysis | Analyzes recorded calls to gather information; brings structure to customer interactions and exposes information buried in customer contact center interactions with an enterprise. |
| Social media analysis | Analyzes text flowing across the Internet, including unstructured text from blogs and messages. |
| Pattern recognition analysis | Classifies or labels an identified pattern in the machine learning process. |
| Exploratory data analysis | Identifies patterns in data, including outliers, uncovering the underlying structure to understand relationships between the variables. |
| Correlation analysis | Determines a statistical relationship between variables, often for the purpose of identifying predictive factors among the variables. |
| Behavioral analysis | Uses data about people’s behaviors to understand intent and predict future actions. |
| Outlier | is a data value that is numerically distant from most of the other data points in a dataset. Anomaly detection helps to identify outliers in the data that can cause problems with mathematical modeling. |
| Anomaly detection | is the process of identifying rare or unexpected items or events in a dataset that do not conform to other items in the dataset. |
| Algorithms | are mathematical formulas placed in software that performs an analysis on a dataset. |
| Business intelligence (BI) | is information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic decision making. |
| variable | is a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies over time. |
| Information | data converted into a meaningful and useful context. |
| Human-generated unstructured data | including text messages, social media data, and emails |
| Machine-generated unstructured data, | data including satellite images, scientific atmosphere data, and radar data. |
| Unstructured data | is not defined and does not follow a specified format and is typically free-form text such as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages. |
| Human-generated structured data | includes input data, clickstream data, or gaming data. |
| Machine-generated structured data | data that includes sensor data, point-of-sale data, and web log data. |
| Human-generated data | is data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate. |
| Machine-generated data | is created by a machine without human intervention. |
| Structured data | is typically stored in a traditional system such as a relational database or spreadsheet and accounts for about 20 percent of the data that surrounds us. |
| Structured data | has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings such as Customer Address |
| Velocity | The analysis of streaming data as it travels around the internet Analysis necessary of social media messages spreading globally |
| Volume | The scale of data Includes enormous volumes of data generated daily Massive volume created by machines and networks Big data tools necessary to analyze zettabytes and brontobytes |
| Veracity | The uncertainty of data, including biases, noise, and abnormalities Uncertainty or untrustworthiness of data Data must be meaningful to the problem being analyzed Must keep data clean and implement processes to keep dirty data from growing in systems |
| Variety | Different forms of structured and unstructured data Data from spreadsheets and databases as well as from email, videos, photos and PDFs, all of which must by analyzed |
| Big Data | is a collection of large, complex datasets, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools |
| Knowledge | The skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources |
| Business Intelligence | Information collected from multiple sources that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic decision making |
| Information | Data converted into a meaningful and useful context |
| Knowledge | includes the skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person’s intellectual resources. |
| Knowledge workers | are individuals valued for their ability to interpret and analyze information. |
| Knowledge assets, also called intellectual capital | are the human, structural, and recorded resources available to the organization. Knowledge assets reside within the minds of members, customers, and colleagues, and include physical structures and recorded media. |
| Knowledge facilitators | help harness the wealth of knowledge in the organization. Knowledge facilitators help acquire and catalog the knowledge assets in an organization. |
| Project | is a temporary activity a company undertakes to create a unique product, service, or result. |
| Metrics | are measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals. |
| Critical success factors (CSFs) | are the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies |
| Key performance indicators (KPIs) | are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors. KPIs are far more specific than CSFs |
| Critical Success Factors | Create high-quality products Retain Competitive advantages Reduce product costs Increase customer satisfaction Hire and retain the best business professionals |
| Key Performance Indicators | Turnover rates of employees Percentage of help desk calls answered in the first minute Number of product returns Number of new customers Average customer spending |
| Efficiency MIS metrics | measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability. |
| Effectiveness MIS metrics | measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates. |
| Throughput (Efficiency Metrics) | The amount of information that can travel through a system at any point in time |
| Transaction speed (Efficiency Metrics) | The amount of time a system takes to perform a transaction |
| System availability (Efficiency Metrics) | The number of hours a system is available for users |
| Information accuracy(Efficiency Metrics) | The extent to which a system generates the correct results when executing the same transaction numerous times |
| Respond time(Efficiency Metrics) | The time it takes to respond to user interactions such as a mouse slick |
| Usability (Effectiveness Metrics) | The ease with which people perform transactions and/or find information |
| Customer satisfaction (Effectiveness Metrics) | Measured by satisfaction surveys, percentage of existing customers retained, and increases in revenue dollars per customer |
| Conversion rates (Effectiveness Metrics) | The number of customers an organization "touches" for the first time and persuades to purchase its products or services. This is a popular metric for evaluating the effectiveness of banner, pop-up, pop-under ads on the Internet |
| Financial (Effectiveness Metrics) | Such as return on investment (the earning power of an organization's assets), cost-benefit analysis (the comparison of projected revenues and costs including development maintenance, fixed, and variable), and break-even analysis |
| Binary Data | Computers do most of their work by manipulating numbers. Data is information coded into numbers, so that digital computers can store, process and use the data. |
| Run-length encoding | is a simple form of lossless data compression that runs on sequences with the same value occurring many consecutive times. |
| Pulse code Modulation | is a digital technique that involves sampling an analog signal at regular intervals and coding the measured amplitude into a series of binary values, which are transmitted by modulation of a pulsed, or intermittent, carrier. |
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chloescheffler
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