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Network Cables

CCNA Cables and Ethernet; Physical Layer

CCNA Physical Layer
What is UTP? Unshielded Twisted-Pair This is a type of ethernet wire where the wires inside are pairs of twisted copper wire.
What is EMI? Electromagnetic Interference
What is the purposes of twisting wire pairs? Twisting the wires minimizes the effect of electromagnetic interference (EMI) from outside sources as well as lessening the amount of EMI emanating from the cable itself.
What is “crosstalk”? Crosstalk is when a signal “crosses over” from one pair of wires to another, making the signals in both pair of wires unusable. This is an EMI problem that happens within the cable.
What is STP in regards to ethernet cabling? Shielded Twisted-pair This is a type of ethernet wire where shielding is wrapped around each individual wire and then additional shielding is wrapped around each pair of those same wires.
What are some drawbacks of using STP? -Even slightly damaged shielding can actually introduce additional EMI (electromagnetic interference) -It is more expensive than UTP -It is more easily damaged than UTP
What are the benefits to fiber optic cables? Fiber optic cables contain glass fibers that allow fo greater transmission speeds and much greater max cable lengths.
What is the common name of Ethernet wires? (max cable length is 100m) 10Base-T
What is the official standard of “Ethernet” wires? IEEE 802.3
What is the Speed of "Ethernet" wires? (max cable length is 100m) 10Mbps (only uses 2 of the total 4 pairs of unshielded twisted pair)
What is the common name of “Fast Ethernet” wires? 100Base-T
What is the official standard of “Fast Ethernet” wires? IEEE 802.3u
What is the speed of “Fast Ethernet” wires? (max cable length is 100m) 100Mbps
What is the common name of “Gigabit Ethernet” wires? 1000Base-T
What is the official standard of “Gigabit Ethernet” wires? IEEE 802.3ab
What is the speed of “Gigabit Ethernet” wires? (max cable length is 100m) 1000Mbps (or 1 Gbps; "1 gig")
What is the common name of “10 Gig Ethernet” wires? 10GBase-T
Briefly describe the naming convention for network wire common names. The basic convention is speed + base + cable type. For example 10GBase-T - - speed is 10Gbps, - Base refers to baseband, meaning the signals are transmitted without modulation - T refers to twisted pair cables (UTP)
What is the official standard of “10 Gig Ethernet” wires? IEEE 802.3an
What is the speed of “10 Gig Ethernet” wires? (max cable length is 100m) 10 Gbps
What is the common name of “Fiber Optic” wires? (max cable length is 100m) 1000Base-LX
What is the official standard of “Fiber Optic” wires? IEEE 802.3z
What is the speed of “Fiber Optic” wires? (max cable length is 100m) 1000Mbps
In general, when should you use a cross-over cable? When connecting same devices. For example, when connecting a switch to another switch or a a PC to another PC
In general, when should you use a straight-through cable? When connecting different types of devices. For example, connecting a PC to a Switch
What is Auto MDI-X and what is it used for? Automatic Medium-Dependent Interface Crossover (Auto MDI-X) are ports that recognize a straight through cable as a crossover cable. To configure on a Cisco switch port, set speed, Duplex, and mdix to “auto” on that port.
What does an Ethernet Header consist of (in order)? Preamble / Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) / Destination MAC Address / Source MAC Address / Protocal Type
In regards to Ethernet Headers, what is the “Preamble”? A seven-byte set of alternating ones and zeroes – 10101010, repeated 7 times. It is used for clock synchronization.
In regards to Ethernet Headers, what is the “SFD”? The Start Frame Delimiter One-byte field set to 10101011, used to indicate the preamble’s end and that the destination MAC address will immediately follow.
In regards to Ethernet Headers, what is the “Destination MAC Address”? The MAC address of the frame’s destination
In regards to Ethernet Headers, what is the “Source MAC Address”? The MAC address of the frame’s source
In regards to Ethernet Headers, what is the “Protocol Type”? Indicates the protocol type. In most cases this will be IP Version 4 or IP Version 6.
What does the Ethernet Trailer consist of? The ethernet trailer contains the Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
What is the main function of the Frame Check Sequence? FCS is an error-detection operation.
Briefly describe how the FCS funtions A CRC value is placed in the FCS prior to transmition. The recipient runs the same CRC on the frame's data and compares the two CRC values. If they do not match, the frame is discarded.
What is CRC in relation to frame transmission? a Cyclic Reduncy Check (a complex math operation), used in the Frame Check Sequence to check for corrupted data.
What is an “RJ45”? The most common connector for ethernet cables. Its the hard plastic thing you plug into a port
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