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NERV: CNS
Central nervous system.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | -cranial nerves and spinal nerves -communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body |
| nerve | one or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and the spinal cord with other parts of the body |
| neur/i, neur/o | nerve, nerve tissue |
| cerbr/o | cerebrum, brain |
| encephal/o | brain |
| mening/o | membranes, meninges |
| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow |
| tract | bundle of nerve fibers located within brain or spinal cord |
| ascending nerve tract | Sensory neurons- carry nerve impulses from sensory organs toward the brain and spinal cord. |
| descending nerve tract | carry nerve impulses away from the brain |
| stimulus | anything that activates a nerve and causes an impulse |
| impulse | a wave of excitation transmitted through nerve fibers and neurons |
| reflex | an automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body (HR, RR, BP, cough, sneeze, response to pain, DTR) |
| neuron | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
| Connecting neurons | associative neurons which link sensory and motor neurons |
| meninges | system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord |
| dura mater | thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord |
| arachnoid membrane | resembles a spider web, is the second layer of the meninges and is located between the dura mater and the pia mater |
| pia mater | the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. |
| cerebrospinal fluid | Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system, nourishes and cools the brain and spinal cord. |
| cerebrum | The largest and uppermost part of the brain. It controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions, and voluntary movements. |
| thalamus | located below the cerebrum, produces sensations by relaying impulses to and from the cerebrum and the sense organs of the body |
| Hypothalamus | located below the thalamus, controls vital bodily functions |
| left cerebral hemisphere | controls the majority of functions on the right side of the body |
| right cerebral hemisphere | controls most of the functions on the left side of the body |
| frontal lobe | Cerebral lobe that controls motor functions, memory, and behavior |
| occipital lobe | Cerebral lobe that controls eyesight |
| temporal lobe | Controls senses of hearing and smell , and the ability to create, store, and access new information. |
| parietal lobe | Cerebral lobe receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the tongue, skin, and muscles. |
| cerebellum | A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills and balance. |
| brainstem | Stalk-like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. Controls reflexes and basic survival fuctions such as respiration, heart rate, BP, sneezing, coughing, and vomiting. |
| cerebral cortex | outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain |
| cervical verebrae | 7 total (C1-C7) compose the neck bones. |
| thoracic vertebrae | The second set of 12 vertebrae; form the outward curve of the spine and are known as T1 through T12 |
| lumbar vertebrae | Third set 5 vertebrae, in the lower back (L1-L5) |
| sacrum | bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column |
| coccyx | tailbone |
Created by:
jfoote
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