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DGIT: Lower GI
Lower gastrointestinal tract anatomy.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lower GI tract | small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus |
| accessory organs | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| duodenum | first portion of the small intestine |
| jejunum | Middle portion of the small intestine |
| ileum | the last and longest portion of the small intestine |
| small intestine | primary organ of digestion and absorption of nutrients |
| cecum | a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines |
| ileocecal sphincter | the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the ileum of the small intestine into the cecum of the large intestine |
| vermiform appendix | worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum |
| ascending colon | travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver |
| transverse colon | passes horizontally from right to left toward the spleen |
| descending colon | travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon |
| sigmoid colon | an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the rectum below |
| rectum | the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus. |
| anus | A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body |
| bilirubin | Destruction of RBC creates by-product/a pigment excreted by the liver via digestive fluid called bile, giving it a yellow to green color |
| bile | A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. |
| biliary tree | provides the channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine |
| gallbladder | A muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion |
| pancreas | An organ in the abdominal cavity with two roles. The first is an exocrine role: to produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate. The second is an endocrine role: to secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream. |
| villi | Tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream. |
| lacteals | specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat |
| digestive enzymes | responsible for the chemical changes that break foods down into simpler forms of nutrients for use by the body |
| chyme | a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum |
| metabolism | the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down nutrients |
| anabolism | the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients |
| catabolism | The breakdown of body cells or substances, releasing energy and carbon dioxide. |
| absorption | The process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body. |
| mastication | chewing |
| emulsification | Breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, digestible particles. Occurs in the duodemum as chyme is mixed with bile and pancreatic juices. |
| feces | solid wastes; stool |
| defecation | elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus |
| borborygmus | rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine |
| flatulence (flatus) | the passage of gas out of the body through the rectum |
| glycogen | Storage form of glucose found in the liver |
| micronutrients | vitamins and minerals |
| macronutrients | carbohydrates, proteins, and fats |
Created by:
jfoote
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