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Muscle tone
| Term | characteristics |
|---|---|
| What should one look out for in UMN lesion? | 1. Behaviour 2. Secondary Factors 3. Compensatory Factors |
| Hypertonia | the resistance is more than normal when passively moved |
| Hypotonia | the resistance is lower than normal when passively moved |
| Flaccidity | No resistance when passively moved |
| Absence of tone | Flaccidity (Tone) |
| Decreased muscle tone | Hypotonia Tone) |
| No active movement | Flaccidity (Active movements) |
| Active movements is poor and uncoordinated | Hypotonia Active movements) |
| Absence of deep tendon reflex | Flaccidity (Reflex) |
| Supressed cough reflex | Hypotonia (Reflex) |
| If the limb is moved passively, it usually feels heavy | Flaccidity (limb) |
| The limb appears flaccid and soft upon touching Lie uncomfortable and abnormal position. | Flaccidity (limb) |
| Uses limb for -support -increase balance | Hypotonia (limb) |
| The pt unable hold limb in requested, placed position. against gravity. | Flaccidity (posture and position) |
| Difficult to move against gravity and maintain posture against gravity | Hypotonia (posture and position) |
| Subluxation and dislocation of joints | Flaccidity (joints) |
| Hypermobility of joints | Hypotonia (joints) |
| 1. Intellectual development problems 2. Problems with eating, drinking, breathing 3.Breathing is shallow 4. Muscle weakness 5. Emotionally Blunt | Hypotonia |
| 1. Medical file 2. Age 3. Immediate condition of pt 4. Observation 5. Passive movement 6. Active Movement 7. Reflex activity | Assessment of Flaccidity and Hypotonia |
| 1. Medical file 2. Age 3. Immediate condition of pt 4. Observation 5. Passive movement 6. Active Movement 7. .Specific structured activity 8. Tonic Reflex activity | Assessment of Hypertonia |
| 1. establish diagnosis 2. Determine has/course of illness 3. When was the injury sustained 4. Prognosis | 1. Medical file |
| 1. dependent adult, child or elderly. | 2. Age |
| 1. Determine if can bring to the department (attached to monitors etc) 2. Consult doctors and nursing staff w.r.t mobility pt | 3. Immediate condition of pt |
| 1. Spontaneous movements 2. participation in activities | 4. Observation |
| Principles: 1. Full ROM 2. Proximal-distal 3. Support limbs- no over stretching muscles, dislocation joints. 4.Ask for help from nurse when needed | 5. Passive movement (principles) |
| gross movements> fine coordinated movements | 6. Active Movement |
| 7. Reflex activity | |
| Position 1. Supine- anatomical mid position. (NO pillow!0 2. side-lying 3. Prone | 5. Passive movement (Position) |
| 1. note fixated contractors 2. DON'T move past pain threshold Limb painful- misuse and immobilisation. 3. Position correctly (therapist)- pt can fall because of undeveloped protective extension reflexes. | Hypertonic Precautions |
Created by:
ing3botha
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