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Corina Davis
Physiology SCI221 - Weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The body’s thermostat is located in the: | hypothalamus |
| Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of: | the body trying to maintain homeostasis and a negative-feedback mechanism. |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions. |
| Homeostasis can best be described as: | a state of relative constancy. |
| Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations. | Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission |
| Negative-feedback control systems: | Oppose a change. |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive |
| Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called: | Virus |
| Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? Viruses, Tapeworms, Bacteria, or Protozoa | Tapeworms |
| The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback. | Positive |
| Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop? Effector mechanism, Transmitter, Sensor, Integrating Center | Transmitter |
| Intrinsic control is sometimes called: | autoregulation |
| The normal reading or range of normal is called the: | Set point |
| Positive-feedback control systems do what to a change | Accelerate a change |
| The term that literally means self-immunity is: | autoimmunity |
| Pathogenesis can be defined as: | the course of disease development. |
| Which is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease? | Prion |
| Negative-feedback mechanisms: | minimize changes in blood glucose levels and are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature. |
| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: | phospholipid and steroid |
| What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | Degree of saturation |
| The amino group in an amino acid is: | NH3+ |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? | Structural and functional |
| What substances is NOT organic: | electrolytes |
| Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? Proteins, Salts, Lipids, Nucleic Acids | Salts |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | Steroids |
| What does RNA contain | Ribose Sugar, Adenine, and Nucleotides |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share what characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule. |
| Which is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? | They do not both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. |
| Which lipid acts as a “tissue hormone”? | Prostaglandin |
| The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: | nitrogen |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? | Secondary |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by: | Peptide Bonds |
| Peptide bonds join together molecules of: | Amino Acids |
| The type of lipoprotein associated with “bad” cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: | LDL |
| Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids? | Primary |
| The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____. | Carbohydrate and protein. Protein being the most dominant |
| Sometimes referred to as animal starch, _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body. | glycogen |
| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | Creatine phosphate |
| _________ will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms. | Unsaturated fats |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? | Maltose |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free radical |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: | fatty acids and glycerol. |
| The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are: | Steroids |
| If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG, the other side would be: | GATCCGAC |
| During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? | Prophase |
| All of the following are examples of passive transport except: Filtration, Osmosis, Endocytosis, Dialysis | Endocytosis |
| Diffusion requires: | a concentration gradient. |
| The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the | cytoplasm |
| Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called: | facilitated diffusion. |
| RNA | Contains uracil rather than thymine |
| Water will move through the cell membrane by: | Osmosis |
| With a sodium and potassium pump: | Sodium moves OUT, potassium moves IN, using a carrier system |
| Which of the following terms is synonymous with tumor? | Neoplasm |
| Twenty-three chromosomes per cell in humans is referred to as: | Haploid |
| Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: | Active Transport |
| The correct order of the phases of mitosis is: | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. |
| As a result of meiosis | Cells become haploid, meiosis occurs, and primitive sex cells become mature gametes |
| If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligatory sequence of its opposing base pairs? | TAGC |
| A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be: | Hypertonic |
| When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis? | Metaphase |
| A DNA molecule is characterized by: | deoxyribose . ATGC |
| The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: | filtration |
| An individual’s entire set of DNA can be referred to as a: | genome |
| A sequence of three bases forms a(n): | codon |
| The small water channels in the cell membrane are called: | aquaporins |
| When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be: | an even exchange of material across the membrane. |
| Transcription can be best described as the: | synthesis of mRNA. |
| A sodium-potassium pump pumps how many ions out and in? | Three sodium ions OUT and two potassium ions IN |
| Extensive weight training causes the muscle cells to: | hypertrophy |
| NaCl would move through the cell membrane in which direction? | Both into and out of the cell |
| A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of: | carrier-mediated transport. |
| Phagocytosis is an example of: | endocytosis |
| Which tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals? | Connective |
| What is not a characteristic of smooth muscles? | They do NOT have intercalated disks |
| Which type of connective tissue helps newborns maintain body temperature by producing heat? | Brown fat |
| What is a characteristic of epithelial tissue? | Absorption, Secretion, Protection |
| What is a characteristic of connective tissue? | Supports, Protects, and Transports substances |
| Name two proteoglycans found in the matrix of connective tissue? | Glucosamine & Hyaluronic acid NOT Collagen |
| The area referred to as true skin is the: | Dermis |
| Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: | Basale |
| The type of tissue that contains cells called neurons is called: | Nervous |
| What is a characteristic of muscle tissue? | Movement, Heat, and Contractability |
| In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? | Sole of the foot |
| The hypodermis | connects the dermis to underlying tissues. |
| Connective tissue forms from stem cell tissue called: | mesenchyme |
| Basement membrane is composed of molecules made by _____ tissue. | Connective and Epithelial |
| What are functions of adipose tissue? | Insulate, Support, Store food |
| Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood? | Astrocytes |
| What structure is formed by the union of the basal and reticular lamina? | Basement membrane |
| Mucous membranes are important because they lubricate and protect passageways. | TRUE |
| Areolar tissue usually contains which types of cells in the greatest number? | Fibroblasts |
| Which vitamins are absorbed through the skin? | A, D, K |
| Which of the following epithelial functions is a primary activity of glandular epithelium? | Secretion |
| Which type of tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate? | Epithelial |
| Which cells electrically insulate axons to increase the speed of conduction? | Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells |
| Hematopoietic tissue can be found in the: | Bones |
| A tissue is | a group of similar cells that perform a common function. |
| Characteristics of skeletal muscles? | Have multiple nucleus, attach to bone, have striations |
| Which cells help destroy pathogens and damaged tissue in the brain? | Microglia |
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corinabdavis
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