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Darla Tubbs
Anatomy 1-5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomical position | Discussions about the body, how it moves, its posture, or the relation-ship of one area to another assume that the body as a whole is in a specific position |
| sagittal plane | Any lengthwise plane running from front to back and top to bottom, dividing the body or any of its parts into right and left sides |
| coronal plane | Any lengthwise plane running from side to side and top to bottom, dividing the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior por-tions, |
| transverse plane | Any crosswise plane that divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts |
| cross-section | a cut along a plane parallel with the short axis of an organ |
| longitudinal section | A cut along the long R P axis of an organ |
| Thoracic Cavity | has a midportion called the mediastinum, which contains the heart and other structures surrounded by fibrous tissue. |
| abdominopelvic cavity has | an upper portion, the abdominal cavity, and a lower portion, the pelvic cavity. |
| Integumentary | Separates internal environment from external environment, providing stability of internal fluid volume |
| Skeletal | Supports and protects internal environment, allowing movement; stores minerals that can be moved into and out of internal fluid |
| Muscular | Powers and directs movements; provides heat |
| Nervous | Regulates homeostatic mechanisms, sensing changes, integrating information, sending signals to effectors |
| Endocrine | Regulates homeostasis by secreting signaling hormones that travel through internal environment to effector cells |
| Cardiovascular | Maintains internal constancy by transporting nutrients, water, oxygen, hormones, wastes, and other materials and heat within the internal environment |
| Lymphatic | Maintains constant fluid pressure by draining excess fluid from tissues, cleaning it, and recycling it to bloodstream |
| Immune | Defends internal environment against harmful agents |
| Respiratory | Maintains stable O2 and CO2 levels in body by exchanging these gases between external and internal environments; provides vocal communication with others for protection, hunting, etc. |
| Digestive | Maintains relatively constant nutrient level in body by digesting food and absorbing nutrients into internal environment |
| Urinary | Maintains constantly low level of waste and regulates pH of internal environment; helps maintain constancy of internal water volume and balance of ions and other substances |
| Reproductive | Passes genetic code containing information for forming a body and maintaining homeostasis to offspring |
| Integrator | is often called the integration center or control center of the feedback loop |
| Effector | are organs, such as muscles or glands, that directly influ-ence controlled physiological variables. |
| Afferent | means that a signal is traveling toward a particular center or point of reference |
| efferent | means that the signal is moving away from a center or other point of reference. |
| There is a minimum of four basic components in every feedback control loop: | 1. Sensor mechanism 2. Integrator or control center 3. Effector mechanism 4. Feedback |
| hypothalamus | When cold weather causes the body temperature to decrease, feedback information is relayed through the nerves to the “thermostat” in a part of the brain |
| NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN CONTROL SYSTEMS | The example of temperature regulation by action of a thermostati-cally regulated furnace is a classic example of negative feedback |
| stimulus | is a change in a variable that elicits a reaction in a feedback loop. |
| response | is the reaction—the op-eration of the effector in a feedback loop. |
| Prions | are proteins that may cause misfolding of protein molecules, thus converting normal proteins of the cell into different proteins. |
Created by:
Darlatubbs
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