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Leina Kaighn
Weeks 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood cell production is a part of which system? | Skeletal |
| When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as —- | Tissue |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the ___ plane. | Transverse |
| Nearest to the trunk of the body. | Proximal |
| What does the mediastinum contain? | Trachea venae cavae Esophagus |
| Describe the anatomical position. | Body standing straight up, facing forward with arms to the side and palms facing forward. Legs are straight and feet are slightly apart from one another and feet turned outward slightly. |
| What region is the gallbladder? | Right hypochondriac region |
| What is it called when a water molecule is removed in the formation of glucose? | dehydration synthesis |
| What element is least likely to combine with another element? | Helium |
| What is a type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances? | Synthesis reaction |
| What is the approximate pH of gastric fluid? | 2 |
| If the atomic number of carbon is 6, how many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | 4 |
| What are substances that accept hydrogen atoms? | Bases |
| If carbon has an atomic number of 6, what is the number of electrons found in its first shell? | 2 |
| What is the octlet rule? | It is stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| What are functions of an acid? | 1. Proton donors 2. Taste sour 3. Release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution |
| In a cell membrane, where is the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule located? | The interior and exterior of the cell |
| Which cell organelle is DNA a major constituent of? | Nucleus |
| The enzyme catalyst is important for the functioning of what? | peroxisomes |
| Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | Lysosomes |
| What holds epithelial cells tightly together? | Desmosomes |
| What does the Rough ER make? | Lipids and carbohydrates |
| If there was damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell, what cell function would have greatest impact? | Cell Division |
| What is the cell extension that contains microfilaments? | Microvillii |
| What are tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves? | Caveolae |
| Describe 3 characteristics of Ribosomes. | 1. Contain protein 2. Composed of a large and small unit 3. Contains RNA |
| What are the extracellular components of bone matrix? | hard and calcified |
| Which bones form the framework of the hand? | metacarpals |
| What is the bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull? | mandible |
| What are intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope? | Viruses |
| If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop, what effect would it have on uterine contractions? | Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contraction. |
| Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis? | Reproductive |
| Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex? | Tapeworms |
| When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide? | maltose |
| What are three characteristics of carbohydrates? | 1. They are part of DNA and RNA 2. They are the body's primary source of energy 3. They include substances commonly called sugars |
| What are the basic building blocks of fat? | Fatty acids and glycerol |
| What will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms? | Unsaturated fats |
| What are two structural lipid found in the cell membrane? | phospholipids and steroids |
| What are 2 components of glycoprotein and which one is the dominant component? | carbohydrate and protein with protein being dominant. |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | Steroids |
| Which level of protein structure is the alpha helix an example of? | Secondary |
| What characteristic does prostaglandins and steroids have in common? | They both have a ring structure in their molecule. |
| What types of lipids form hormones such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone? | Steroids |
| What is the amino group in amino acids? | NH3+ |
| What does a sequence of 3 bases form? | Condon |
| What does diffusion require? | A concentration gradient |
| What is the physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane? | Filtration |
| Where does the process of diffusion involve? | 1. Occurs in living and nonliving cells 2. may occur into and out of the cell |
| Which is true about the sodium and potassium pump? | 3 sodium ions are taken out of the cell |
| What is not a proteoglycan found in the matrix of connective tissue? | Collagen |
| Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood? | astrocytes |
| What vitamins are absorbed through the skin? | Vitamins A, D, and K |
| What are functions of adipose tissue? | 1. Insulates to conserve body 2. Supports and protect kidneys 3. Stores excess food |
| What does the humerus articulates proximally with? | Scapula |
| What are the cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation? | Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus |
| In intramembranous ossification, what does the process of appositional growth refers to? | Addition of an outside layer of osseus tissue on flat bones. |
| In bone growth, what activity makes the medullary cavity enlarged? | Osteoclasts |
| What does the ulna articulates proximally with? | humerus |
| At what age does bone loss exceed bone gain? | Ages 35-40 |
| In the epiphyseal plate, what layer is the zone of hypertrophy is in ? | Third |
| What are characteristics of the diaphysis? | It is hollow and composed of compact bone. |
| What is the imaginary line a baby passes through during childbirth? | Pelvic outlet |
| The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimuli is called: | Irritability |
| Endurance training is also known as: | Aerobic training |
| Skeletal muscles are innervated by: | Somatic motor neurons |
| White fibers are also called _____ fibers. | Fast |
| Which type of muscle does not have T-tubules? | Smooth |
| Which of the following is not a part of the neuromuscular junction? | T-tubules |
| Thick myofilaments extend the length of the: | A-band |
| Which of the following statements is incorrect about motor units? | The more muscle fibers stimulated by a motor neuron, the more precise the movements of that muscle can be. |
| Most body movements are _____ contractions. | Isotonic |
| Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called: | abduction. |
| Glucose can be stored in the muscle as: | glycogen. |
| Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction? | Isometric |
| All of the following are characteristics of smooth muscle except: | thin and thick filaments are aligned in sarcomeres like skeletal muscles. |
| Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is incorrect? | Cardiac muscle requires nervous stimulation to contract. |
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