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CV Surgery
Surg Tech CV
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A(n) ____________ may be straight or angled up to direct the blood toward the descending thoracic aorta | aortic cannula |
| Cardiac catheterization is an interventional radiology procedure that involves insertion of a cardiac catheter into the heart chambers and large vessels via a _______ artery or vein | peripheral |
| Located within mediastinum behind body of sternum and on diaphragm, with 2/3 of the organ on the left side | heart |
| Protects heart and prevents it from rubbing against the thoracic cavity wall | pericardium |
| 2 parts of pericardium | fibrous and serous |
| Fibrous pericardium | outer layer that consists of white fibrous connective tissues and attaches to large blood vessels, but does not attach to heart itself |
| Serous pericardium | 3 layers: parietal - lines inside of fibrous pericardium visceral - attached to surface of heart pericardial - space btwn two layers that contains pericardial fluid, reducing friction |
| 3 layers of heart wall | epicardium (outside), myocardium (middle), endocardium (inside) |
| RV pumps blood to | lungs |
| LV pumps blood to | body |
| Atrioventricular valve (AV) | located btwn each atrium and ventricle |
| Tricuspid valve | located btwn RA and RV - lets blood flow from RA to RV |
| Pulmonary semilunar valve | formed by 3 half-moon shaped cusps - blood exits RV through semilunar valve into pulmonary artery |
| Mitral valve (bicusbid) | located btwn LA and LV - lets blood from from LA to LV |
| Aortic semilunar valve | located at base of aorta - when LV contracts, valve opens, allowing blood to flow into aorta |
| Chordae tendineae | fibrous cords that are attached to cusps of calves on ventricle side and prevent cusps of valve from folding back into atrium |
| Sinoatrial node (SA node) | generates pulses - "pacemaker"; located in RA wall inferior to opening of superior vena cava |
| AV node | located in interatrial septum; provides conduction pathway btwn atria and ventricles |
| Bundle of His (AV bundle) | only electrical connection btwn atria and ventricles; enters upper portion of interventricular septum and divides into left and right bundle branches that travel along septum to apex |
| Purkinje fibers | electrical impulses from bundle of His enter purkinje and spread impulse to apex of left ventricle and upward to remainder of ventricular myocardium, causing ventricular contraction |
| Parasympathetic division | slowing HR |
| Sympathetic division | cardiac accelerator - secretes norepi |
| How many coronary arteries originate from ascending aorta? | 2 |
| Right coronary artery | Posterior descending: branches to both ventricles Marginal: branches to RV and RA |
| Left coronary artery | Anterior descending: both ventricles Circumflex: LV and LA |
| Who examines preop pulmonary function, coag studies, and ABGs? | anesthesia |
| Dx study useful for detection and evaluation of thoracic aortic dissection | CT scan |
| Dx study that detects abnormal positioning of intracardiac structures | MRI |
| Dx test that provides most extensive details for valve disorders | cardiac cath |
| Apparatus used in cardiac surgery to remove nonoxygenated blood from venous system, oxygenate and filter it, and return it to arterial system | pump oxygenator "heart-lung machine" |
| What med is given before cannulation | heparin (300U/kg) |
| Myocardial protection during CPB is accomplished with | systemic hypothermia - reduces oxygen demands of myocardium |
| A moderate temp of _____ reduces oxygen demand on myocardium by _____ | 28C or 82F; 1/2 |
| First step in formation of atheroma | injury to endothelial lining of arterial wall |
| Risk factors for atherosclerosis | age, gender (M), race (nonwhite), HTN, smoking, diet, obesity, clotting factors, psychosocial influences |
| Coronary artery lesions usually occur near the origin and bifurcation of the | main coronary vessels |
| The Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter indirectly measures | left atrial and left ventricular pressure |
| Why does the ST wet the surgeon's hands with saline when they're using prolene suture? | to prevent suture from breaking |
| Pedicle grafts are soaked in ______ _____ to prevent vasospasm | papaverine solution |
| The proximal saphenous vein is anastomosed to the aorta in an ________ fashion | end-to-end |
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