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CIT172 Chapter 2
Operating Systems Chapter 2 Software Components Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Add Network Place Wizard | A wizard in Windows XP that helps you locate and connect to shared folders on networked computers. |
| Add Printer Wizard | A wizard used in Windows XP to make a printer available for your applications. |
| application | A program that helps users perform tasks on a PC, such as creating a spreadsheet. |
| block device | A device that moves information in blocks or groups of bytes instead of characters. An example is a disk drive. |
| bus driver | A WDM driver for an I/O bus. It provides per-slot functionality that is device driven. |
| character device | A device that transmits or receives information as streams of characters, one character at a time. An example is a keyboard. |
| command-line interface (CLI) | A program you use to give commands to an operating system. |
| configuration editor | A special program that helps you create or edit files that contain specific operating instructions for a PC. |
| context switch | The process of storing and restoring the state of a processor (the context) so that multiple processes can share a single processor. |
| cooperative multitasking | A form of multitasking in which each process controls the length of time it maintains exclusive control over the CPU. |
| DOS | A generic term for any operating system that is loaded from disk devices when the system is started or restarted. |
| dynamic link library (DLL) | A library of executable functions or data that can be used by a Windows XP application. |
| Emm386.sys | An expanded memory manager that creates expanded memory using extended memory. |
| EMS (Expanded Memory Specification) | A technique for adding memory to PCs to bypass the 640-KB limit on addressable memory. |
| Fast User Switching | A feature in Windows XP that allows users to switch between user accounts on a single PC without quitting applications and logging out. |
| filter driver | A WDM driver that filters the I/O requests for a device, a class of devices, or a bus. |
| Fluxbox | A window manager that is available on Fedora Core 4. |
| freeware | Software that is available free of charge for personal use. Freeware is frequently distributed on the Web. |
| function driver | A WDM driver that drives an individual device. |
| GDI (graphical device interface) | The display language interface for Microsoft Windows systems. |
| Ghostscript | A suite of free software based on an interpreter of the Adobe PostScript and Portable Document Format (PDF) page description languages. |
| GNOME :The default desktop for Red Hat’s distribution of Fedora Core 4. | |
| GNU General Public License | A set of programs written by the Free Software Foundation to provide a free UNIX framework. (GNU stands for “GNU’s Not UNIX.”) |
| Himem.sys | The device that manages the use of extended memory and the high memory area. |
| home directory | A directory associated with a user account under Fedora Core 4. |
| KDE | The default desktop for the SUSE distribution of Fedora Core 4. |
| kernel | The core of an operating system. The kernel manages memory, files, and peripheral devices, as well as starting applications and allocating system resources. |
| microkernel | A type of kernel that provides a smaller interface over the hardware. Minimal supervisor kernel mode services are provided; some services are executed in user mode. |
| Microsoft Windows Installer | An installation and configuration service that ships as part of the Windows XP operating system. |
| monolithic kernel | A type of kernel that provides a high-level virtual interface over the hardware. Kernel mode handles the memory management, the scheduler, and device |
| interfaces. | |
| mount command | A command used in Fedora Core 4 to connect to shared folders on networked computers. The command mounts the remote share. |
| multiprocessing | The simultaneous execution of instructions by multiple processors within a single computer. |
| multitasking | Concurrently running all active processes and threads on the PC. |
| multithreading | Running several processes in rapid sequence (multitasking) within a single program. |
| My Documents | A user’s home directory in Windows XP. |
| networking device | A category used by Fedora Core 4 for network devices. The Fedora Core 4 kernel uses packets with these devices. |
| packet | A unit of information transferred as a whole from one device to another on a network. |
| physical address | A number that identifies an actual storage (memory) location in the physical memory on a computer. |
| PostScript | A page description language developed and marketed by Adobe Systems. |
| preemptive multitasking | A multitasking process in which the OS ensures that all active threads have the opportunity to execute. Preemptive multitasking prevents a single thread from monopolizing a processor. |
| protected mode | An operating mode for Intel 80286 and higher processors that supports multitasking, data security, and virtual memory. |
| real mode | An operating mode that allows the execution of only one program at a time. Programs can only access 1024 KB of memory and use a 16-bit data path. |
| Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) | The Fedora Core 4 manager that provides installation services for applications. |
| Regedit | An application that allows the user to edit the entries in the Registry. |
| Registry | A central hierarchical database used by Windows XP to store information that is needed to configure the system for one or more users, applications, and hardware devices. |
| Samba | A communications protocol used by Fedora Core 4 to support sharing of resources across a network. |
| Server Message Block (SMB) | A communications protocol used by Windows-based operating systems to support sharing of resources across a network. |
| software components | A collection of applications that make up and relate to the operating system. |
| standard output device | Another term for a computer monitor. |
| Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) | A system that distributes tasks among CPUs using a load-sharing method. |
| system-config-printer | A program used in Fedora Core 4 to set up your printer. |
| Task Manager | An application used to track the progress of and provide necessary resources for separate tasks running on a computer. |
| text editor | A program that allows a user to create or edit text files. |
| thread | The basic unit of program execution. A process can have several threads running concurrently, each performing a different job. |
| top command | A privileged Fedora Core 4 command used by a system administrator to view system information. |
| utility | A program that performs system-related tasks and maintenance on the operating system. |
| virtual address | A memory location that intervening hardware and software map to physical memory. |
| visudo command | The command in Fedora Core 4 used to edit the /etc/sudoers file. |
| Windows Driver Model (WDM) | A 32-bit architecture for creating device drivers for Windows. |
| XMS (Extended Memory Specification) | A technique for using extended memory in real mode to store data (but not executable code). |
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