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Digestive System
An intro. to the digestive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the gallbladder? | A small pouch that sits just under the liver. Stores bile produced by the liver. After meals, it is empty and flat, like a deflated balloon. Before a meal, the it may be full of bile and about the size of a small pear. |
| What is the function of the salivary glands? | Produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist. It also helps break down carbohydrates (salivary amylase) and lubricates the passage of food down from the oropharynx to the esophagus to the stomach. |
| What is the function of the pancreas? | It's about the size of your hand. During digestion, it makes pancreatic juices called enzymes. These enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches. It also aids the digestive system by making hormones. |
| List the types of digestion. | Mechanical and Chemical |
| Describe the purpose of digestion. | Important for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. |
| List two similarities and two differences between mechanical and chemical digestion. | Mechanical involves physically breaking the food into smaller pieces. Mechanical begins in the mouth as the food is chewed. Chemical breaks the food into simpler nutrients used by the cells. Chemical begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva. |
| People who have their gallbladder removed are unable to control the release of bile into the small intestine. Predict a consequence of this. | Meagre bile --> buildup of toxins in the body & difficulty with formation of hormones. Too much bile --> diarrhea + water stool (pooping liquid). |
| What is the function of the liver? | Regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile. This helps carry away waste products from the liver. All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through it. |
| What are the three functions of the stomach? | (1) Temporary storage for food, which passes from the esophagus to the stomach where it is held for 2 hours or longer. (2)Mixing and breakdown of food by contraction and relaxation of the muscle layers in the stomach. (3) Digestion of food. |
| What is the function of the oesophagus? | A muscular tube. It connects the mouth to the stomach. When food is swallowed, the walls of the oesophagus squeeze together (contract). This moves the food down the oesophagus to the stomach. |
| What is the function of the pharynx? | One-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx. Thick fibres of muscle and connective tissue attach the pharynx to the base of the skull and surrounding structures. |
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22JCHAL
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