Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ch 18
a&p class vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hematology | study of blood |
| circulatory system and function | consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. transport, protection and regulation |
| cardiovascular system | only to the heart and vessels |
| plasma | clear, light yellow fluid constituting a little over half of the blood volume matrix of blood |
| formed elements | blood cells and cell fragments, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets |
| erythroytes | red blood cells (RBC'S), pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to tissues and pick up carbon dioxide from the tissues and unload it in the lungs |
| platelets | thrombocytes, cell fragments from megakaryocyte cells in bone marrow, 2nd most abundant formed elements, secrete vasoconstrictors, stick together, secrete clotting factors, attract neutophils and monocytes to help repair |
| leukocytes | white blood cells ( WBC'S) 2 CATEGRIES- granulocytes and agranulocytes |
| Granulocytes 3 types- | wbc that is with granules 3 categories- neutrophils- 60-70%barely visible pink, eosinophils 2-4%, large orange rosy, basophils- less than 1%, large abundant, violet granules |
| Agranulocytes 2 types- | without granules, 1, lymphocytes- 25-30% and monocytes 3-8%, |
| hematocrit | centrifuge blood to separate components into formed elements and plasma |
| serum | remaining fluid when clotting proteins are removed identical to plasma except it is missing fibrinogen (clotting protein) |
| 3 major plasma proteins | Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen |
| Albunins | smallest and most abundant, contribute to viscosity, and osmolarity, influence blood pressure, flow and fluid balance, formed by liver |
| Globulins | antibodies, provide immune system functions, alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. , produced by plasma cells |
| Fibrinogen | precursor of fibrin threads that help form blood clots, formed by liver |
| nitrogenous wastes | urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, toxic and products of catabolism, normally removed by the kidneys. |
| electrolytes | ions, positive (cations) and negative (anions) na+ makes up 90% of plasma cations |
| viscosity | resistance of a fluid to flow, resulting from the cohesion of its particls |
| osmolarity of blood | the total molarity of those dissolved particles that cannot pass through the blood vessel wall |
| hypertonic blood (high osmolarity) | blood absorbs too much water, increasing the blood pressure, draws water out of tissues and cells |
| hypotonic blood (low osmolarity) | too much water moves into tissue, decrease blood pressure, and edema occurs |
| hemopoiesis | production of blood, especially its formed elements |
| colony-forming unit of pluripotent stem cells | specialized stem cells only producing one class of formed element of blood. myeloid hemopoiesis and lymphoid hemopoiesis |
| myeloid hemopoiesis | blood formation in the bone marrow |
| lymphoid hemopoiesis | blood formation in the lymphatic organs ( beyond infancy this only involves lymphocytes) |
| colloid osmotic pressure | contribution of protein to blood osmotic pressure |
| hemopoietic tissues | tissues that produce blood cells |
| hemoglobin | consists of four protein chains called globins including alpha and beta |
| blood type | determined by surface glycoproteins and glycolipids (blood cell antigens or agglutinogens) |
| cytoskeletal proteins | (spectrin and actin) give membrane durability and resilience |
| carbonic anhydrase (CAH) | In cytoplasm, produces carbonic acid from c02 and water, important role in gas transport and ph balance |
| globins | amino acid chains |
| heme groups | nonprotein moiety which binds oxygen to an iron atom (fe) at its center |
| hematocrit | packed cell volume, percentage of whole blood volume composed of RBC'S, WBC'S, ETC. men 42-52%, women 37-48% |
| hemoglobin concentration | whole blood concentration, men 13 to 18 g/dl, women 12-16 g/dl |
| erythropoiesis | RBC production, lifespan of 120 days, development takes 3-5 days |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | A hormone secreted by the kidneys, this stimulates the ECFU to transform into an erythroblast (normoblast), stimulates bone marrow |
| iron | key nutritional requirement |
| transferrin | protein carries iron in blood |
| vitamin b12 and folic acid need for: | rapid cell division and DNA synthesis that occurs in erythopoiesis |
| vitamin c and copper needed for: | cofactors for enzymes synthesizing hemoglobin |
| hypoxemia | not enough oxygen |
| hemolysis | rupture of RBC', releases hemoglobin and leaves empty plasma membranes |
| biliverdin | when macrophage convers the rest of the heme into a greenish pigment |
| bilirubin | then gets further converted into a yellow-green pigment |
| bile pigments | pigments together with biliverdin and bilirubin |
| polycythemia | an excess of RBC'S |
| antigens | complex molecules on surface of cell membrane that activate an immune response |
| agglutinogens | antigens on the surface of the RBC that are that basis for blood typing, glycolipids on RBC surface |
| antibodies | proteins (gamma globulins) secreted by plasma cells, immune response to foreign matter, these bind to antigens and mark them for destruction, |
| agglutinins | blood antibodies in the plasma that bring about transfusion mismatch, found in plasma, anti-a and anti-b antibodies |
| universal donor | type O |
| universal recipient | type AB |
| Rh blood type | 3 antigens, RHD antigen, first discovered in rhesus monkeys most reactive and a patient is considered blood type rh+ if having D Antigen on RBC'S. |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells, least abundant formed elements, we cannot live without them, granulocytes and agranolocytes, protect against infectious microrganisms, conspicious nucleus |
| neutrophils | aggressive antibacterial granulocytes, increase in number during bacterial infections |
| eosinophils | increased number in parasitic infections, collagen diseases, allergies, diseases of spleen and CNS, granulocytes that releases enzymes to destroy large parasites |
| basophils | increased number in (inflammation) chickenpox, sinsutis, diabetes, secrete histamine and heparin, granulocytes, vasodilatory and anticoagulatory function, |
| lymphocytes | increased numbers in diverse infections and immune response, destroy cancer, virally infected and foreign cells, help other immune cells, secrete antibodies, agranulocyte, provide log term immunity |
| monocytes | increased number in viral infections and inflammation, leave bloodstream and transform into macrophages, agranulocytes, involved with immune clearence |
| leukopoiesis | production of white blood cells, |
| red bone marrow | stores and releases granulocytes and monocytes |
| leukopenia | low WBC count, causes, radiation, poison, infectious disease |
| leukocytosis | high WBC count, causes infection, allergy, disease |
| leukemia | cancer of hemopoietic tissue usually producing a very high number of circulating leukocytes, myeloid, uncontrolled granulocytes production and lymphoid uncontrolled lymphocyte or monocyte production |
| hemostasis | cessation of bleeding |
| thrombopoioesis | development of platelets (thrombocytes) |
| megakaryoblasts | repeatedly replicate DNA without dividing, form gigantic cells called megekaryocytes |
| megakaryocytes | live in bone marrow adjacent to blood sinusoids |
| vascular spasm | narrows the vessel to constrict blood loss in broken vessel |
| degranulation | the exocytosis of their cytoplasmic granules and release of factors that promote hemostasis |
| coagulation (clotting) | last and most effective defense against bleeding, in extrinsic cascade and release of factor X, instrinsic cascade and release of factor X, calcium required for both |
| extrinsic mechanism | factors released by damaged tissues begin cascade |
| intrinsic mechanism | factors found in blood begin cascade (platelet degranulation) |
| procoagulants | proteins produced by the liver, clotting factors, present in plasma |
| reaction cascade | a series of reactions each of which depends on the product of the preceding one |
| tissue thromboplastin factor III | happens when a damaged blood vessel and perivascular tissues release a lipprotein mixture |
| prothrombin factor II | converts prothrombin into thrombin |
| activation of factor X | leads to production of prothrombin activator |
| thrombin | converts fibrinogen into fibrin |
| plasmin | a fibrin-dissolving enzyme that breaks up the clot |
| anticoagulants | heparin from basophils and mast cells and antithrombin from liver |
| hemophilia | family of hereditary diseases characterized by deficiencies of one factor or another, |
| hematomas | masses of clotted blood in the tissues |
| thrombosis | abnormal clotting in unbroken vessel |
| thrombus | clot |
| embolus | anything that can travel in the blood and block blood vessels |
| fibrin | sticky protein that adheres to the walls of a vessel |
Created by:
tnrogan
Popular Physiology sets