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Genetics Review

TermDefinition
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid -A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
Heredity the passing of genetic material (DNA) from parents to offspring.
Chromosome threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes
Allele Different forms of a gene that have the instructions for different traits such as eye or hair color.
Trait one type of characteristic and depend on inherited factors from parents (blonde or brown hair color)
Dominant Allele alleles you can see in an organism's phenotype even if there is one copy of the allele
Recessive Allele Will only be seen in an organism’s phenotype if both alleles are present
Heterozygous are combinations of alleles that contain one dominant and one recessive. Bb
Homozygous are combinations that have either both dominant or both recessive. BB or bb
Punnett Square a tool that is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
Crossing Over An exchange of genes. The genes are mixed up, not resulting in perfect duplicate cells. It creates genetic variation.
Meiosis A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes
Gregor Mendel Known as the Father of Heredity and was the first to experiment in heredity using pea plants.
Genotype the genetic makeup of a person that you would see in the DNA and is represented with letters
Phenotype the actual physical characteristics that you see based on the genotype.
Capital Letter Represents a dominant allele in the genotype or in a Punnett Square of an organism.
Lowercase Letter Represents a recessive allele in the genotype or in a Punnett Square of an organism.
Gene Segments that make up DNA.
Created by: mjbulloc
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