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OB/GYN Surgery
Surg Tech OB/GYN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 names of stirrups used in lithotomy position | candy cane and Allen "yellow fin" |
| Stage 1 of labor | onset of true labor to fully dilated cervix |
| Stage 2 of labor | complete dilation to birth of infant(s) |
| Stage 3 of labor | birth of infant(s) to delivery of placenta |
| Stage 4 of labor | delivery of placenta to when mother's condition has stabilized |
| expulsion | delivery of shoulders and body of fetus |
| extension rotation | rotation of fetal head back to its original position as head passes over perineum |
| gravida | pregnancies |
| para | number of times a woman has given birth |
| most common surgical intervention in vaginal birth | episiotomy and repair of perineal lacerations |
| ST role in labor | clamp/cut umbilical cord and collect blood for cord gases |
| episiotomy | intentional midline surgical incision in perineum to ease birth process or to protect mother from uncontrolled perineal lacerations |
| 1st degree perineal laceration | Involves vaginal mucosa or peritoneal skin |
| 2nd degree perineal laceration | Vaginal submucosa or perineum with or without the peritoneal body musculature being involved |
| 3rd degree perineal laceration | Involves anal sphincter |
| 4th degree perineal laceration | Involves rectal mucosa |
| Surgical procedure for an incompetent cervix | Cervical cerclage "Shirodkar's procedure" |
| Paired ligaments that extend to the pelvic walls to suspended the uterus are | Broad, cardinal, round, and uterosacral |
| The adnexa includes | Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and infundibulum |
| When is a cervical cerclage performed (gestation) | Late second trimester or early third trimester |
| What technique and kind of suture is placed around the cervix in Shirodkar's procedure | pursestring mersiline |
| Incision for caesarean section | Pfannenstiel |
| a #__ knife blade or #__ knife blade is used for Pfannenstiel | 10; 20 |
| Patient position for caesarean section | Supine with the role place under the right hip to reduce the uterine pressure on the Vena Cava |
| Dystocia | difficult birth |
| Cephalopelvic disproportion | "CPD"; baby's head/body is too large to fit through mother's pelvis (failure to progress) |
| Medication injected into uterus to help with hemostasis | pitocin (oxytocin) |
| Type of suture to close uterus | 2 layers using 2-0 or 0 absorbable |
| How many counts are there on a caesarean section | 4 - Prior to skin incision, prior to closure of uterus, prior to closure of the abdominal cavity, and prior to closure of skin |
| Structure where fallopian tubes attached to the uterus | cornu |
| Four sections of the fallopian tubes | fimbia (infundibulum), ampula, isthmus, intramural |
| Purpose of fimbria | guide oocytes released by ovaries into tube's lumen |
| Five techniques for tubal ligation | Irving, Pomeroy, Parkland, Madlener, Kroener fimbriectomy |
| Diagnostic test for tuboplasty | hysterosalpingogram |
| Ectopic pregnancy | Pregnancy that occurs outside the uterine cavity |
| unruptured tubal pregnancy can be treated... | Laparoscopically |
| Diagnostic test to rule out carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia | D&C - will take specimen |
| Diagnostic tests for uterine cancer | pap smear, endocervical curettage, endometrial biopsy |
| Diagnostic tests for cervical cancer | colposcopy, biopsy, endocervical curettage, Schiller's test |
| Diagnostic tests for ovarian cancer | pap smear, endometrial biopsy, endocervical curettage |
| Cervical cone - "cold" | no laser or electricity was used, only a knife |
| Three most used abdominal if incisions for GYN surgery | Pfannenstiel, Maylard, Cherney |
| Two basic diagnostic procedures for GYN | Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy |
| Main muscle incised during abdominal incisions for Pfannenstiel, Maylard, and Cherney | anterior rectus sheath |
| What instrument is used to manipulate the uterus during a basic laparoscopy | Cohen acorn cannula |
| Hysteroscopies are used to treat pathologies such as | Adhesions, polyps, and myomas |
| Endoscopic equipment for a hysteroscopy | scope, camera, light cord, irrigation tubing (not insufflation tubing) |
| Where are Bartholin's glands located | Posterior third of the labia of majora |
| Pathologies for obstruction of Bartholin's glands | gonococcal infection or trauma (most common) |
| Reasons for labiaplasty | Correct the labia minora hypertrophy caused by congenital abnormality, to repair tearing and stretching due to childbirth, trauma, sexual intercourse, age, and genital piercing |
| If a D&C is performed after the 13th week of pregnancy, it is termed | dilation and evacuation (D&E) |
| Acetic acid turns abnormal cells what color | white |
| Schiller's test with Lugol's solution turns abnormal cells what color | none; normal cells retain brown coloration |
| What ligament provides the main support to ovaries | Ovarian (lies within the broad ligament) |
| Name of serum that detects ovarian cancer | CA 125 titre |
| Broad ligament | Attaches uterus to the pelvic wall and covers the entire reproductive system and becomes continuous with parietal peritoneum |
| Mesovarium ligament | Attaches ovaries to broad ligament to stabilize and support the position of the ovaries |
| Suspensory ligament | Anchors ovaries of the pelvic wall and contains the major blood vessels to the ovaries |
| Ovarian ligament | Anchors ovaries to uterus |
| Cephalopelvic disproportion is a component of which indication for a cesarean section? | dystocia |
| What is the name of the routine surgical treatment of infected Bartholin's gland cysts? | marsupialization |
| Which anatomical structure is located anterior to the symphysis pubis and superior to the vaginal opening? | mons pubis |
| What is the general term for the treatment method that destroys genital condylomata with a carbon dioxide laser? | ablation |
| Radionuclide seeds are used to treat: | uterine/cervical carcinoma |
| Instrument used to measure depth of uterus | Sim's uterine sound |
| Instrument used to remove endometrial or cervical lining | Sin's curette |
| Instrument used as a bladder blade, removed prior to birth of the baby | DeLee |
| Needle holder used for TAH or pelvic surgery | Haney-curved |
| Used to grasp the uterus during TAH or cervix during D&C, causes less trauma | Jacobs Vulsellum |
| Dilator for D&C (3 names) | Hank, Hegar, Pratt |
| Scissors used for vaginal cuff—TAH | Jorgenson |
| Weighted retractor for vagina | Auvard |
| Used to grasp cervix at 12-o’clock | Braun or Schroeder |
| Clamp used in TAH | Ballentine |
| devices used to ligate and cut the uterine ligaments and vessels during LAVH | Linear stapling device |
| cavity between labia minor and contains urethral meatus as well as Bartholin's glands | vestibule |
| Another name for radical hysterectomy | Wertheim |
| Why is air or gas not used to cool the laser fiber in an endometrial ablation? | could cause an air embolism |
| Why is an endometrial ablation performed? | an alt to hysterectomy to treat chronic menorrhagia |
| When using a balloon for endometrial ablation, what is the balloon filled with? | hot D5W solution (dextrose water) |
| Myomectomy | procedure to excise uterine fibroid tumors (myomas) |
| Main reason to perform myomectomy | to preserve the uterus for fertility |
| 3 ways to reduce adhesion formation | gentle tissue handling, removal of talc (powder) from gloves, irrigation with heparinized Ringer's solution |
| uterosacral ligament | attaches cervix to sacrum |
| During a TAH, the uterosacral ligaments are clamped first or last? | Last |
| During a vaginal hysterectomy, the uterosacral ligaments are clamped first or last? | First |
| Another name for suspensory ligament | Infundibulopelvic ligament |
| Uterine radiation seeding is used to treat | uterine or cervical cancer |
| Use for radiation seeding | shrink a tumor preop that's nonresectable or destroying the rest of a tumor postop |
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