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HOSA Sports Medicine
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Flexion | decreasing angle of a joint (now closed)also bending a body part |
| Extension | opening a joint (increasing) (now open)also straightening a body part |
| Adduction | bringing an extremity, hand or foot, to the body |
| Abduction | taking an extremity, hand or foot, from the body |
| Lateral | away from the midline (side of body) |
| Medial | close to the body ( closer to midline) (middle of body) |
| Eversion | roll the ankle outwards |
| Inversion | roll the ankle inwards |
| Circumduction | circular movement in the hip & shoulder (ball and socket joint) |
| Pronation | palm downwards |
| Supination | palm upwards |
| Superior | high on the body (above) |
| Inferior | low on the body (below) |
| Anterior | front of the body |
| Posterior | back of the body |
| Dorsal | top of the foot/hand |
| Plantar | bottom of the foot/hand |
| Dorsiflexion | upward flexion of the hand or foot (toes off the ground) |
| Proximal | near the point of attachment |
| Distal | distant from the point of attachment |
| Tendon | connects muscle to bone (flexible) |
| Ligament | connects bone to bone (doesn't move) |
| Sprain | Injury to ligaments |
| Strain | Injury to tendons or muscle |
| Frontal Plane | line that divides the back and front |
| Sagittal Plane | line that divides left and right |
| Supra | above |
| Supine | on the back |
| Prone | on the stomach |
| Deep | under the surface |
| Superficial | closer to the surface of the skin |
| Bilateral | both sides |
| Contralateral | opposite sides |
| transverse plane | divides top/bottom |
| deep | further from the surface |
| ulnar deviation | pinky side |
| radial deviation | thumb side |
| horizontal ABduction | arm goes away from body |
| horizontal ADDuction | arm goes close to body |
| internal rotation | arm goes down at a right angle, fingers point down also arm goes in towards body |
| external rotation | arm goes up at a right angle, fingers point up also arm goes away from body |
| circumduction | moving a body part in a circle |
| how many muscles does the body have? | more than 600 |
| Do bones and joints produce movement? | No |
| Thermogenesis | Helps the body maintain a normal temperature- Moving your body can make you warmer if you are cold |
| Agonist | muscle responsible for most of the movement |
| Synergists | muscles that help the agonist by stabilizing joints |
| Antagonist | produces movement opposite to agonist. Relaxes when agonist contracts |
| retraction | moving a body part posteriorly |
| protraction | moving a body part anteriorly |
| elevation | lifting a body part; for example, shrugging shoulders |
| depression | lowering a body part; for example, lowering the shoulders |
| parts of the skeletal system (5) | Bones (skeleton), Joints, Cartilages, Ligaments (bone to bone),Tendon (bone to muscle) |
| Axial skeleton | skull , spinal column |
| appendicular skeleton | limbs and girdle |
| functions of bones (5) | Support of the body, Movement due to attached skeletal muscles, Protection of soft organs, Storage of minerals and fats, Blood cell formation |
| how many bones does the skeleton have? | 206 |
| 4 classification of bones | Long- bones are longer than they are wide (arms, legs) Short- usually square in shape, cube like (wrist, ankle) Flat- flat, curved (skull, Sternum) Irregular- odd shapes (vertebrae, pelvis) |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Bones of limbs and bones that anchor them to the axial skeleton |
| Appendicular skeleton | Pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula) Upper limbs (arms) Pelvic girdle (sacrum, coccyx) Lower limbs (legs) |
Created by:
srjones
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