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ECS - Computer Unit
Computer Basics, Viruses, & Networks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Computer | A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions |
| Hardware | The physical electronic and mechanical parts of a computer and its peripheral devices |
| Software | Specific instructions telling the computer how to accomplish specific tasks; programs, applications |
| Input | Information/commands entered in to a computer |
| Output | Information that is exited from the computer |
| Input Device | A device used to insert data into a computer; keyboard, mouse, microphone |
| Output device | A hardware component that allows the user to view, hear, or touch the information resulting from the computer's processes |
| Peripheral Device | Any input, output, and/or secondary storage devices that plugs into a computer; keyboard, monitor, flash drive |
| Storage Device | A hardware component that is used to store/save data, information, and instructions long-term |
| Server | A computer specifically designed to serve many different computers in a network by running specialized software and managing information |
| Personal Computer | A stationary/mobile computer with average capacity and processing power designed to be used by one person at a time |
| Portable Electronic Device | A small handheld computer; includes smartphones, tablets, smart watches, and game consoles |
| Data | Information that can be read, used, and manipulated by a computer |
| Bit | A binary digit; a 0 or a 1; the smallest amount of data a computer can process/store |
| Byte | Approximately 8 bits of processed data/storage space on a computer; one character on a computer |
| Kilobyte | (KB) Approximately 1,000 bytes of processed data/storage space on a computer |
| Megabyte | (MB) Approximately 1,000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes of processed data/storage space on a computer |
| Gigabyte | (GB) Approximately 1,000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes of processed data/storage space on a computer |
| Terabyte | (TB) Approximately 1 million megabytes or 1 trillion bytes of processed data/storage space on a computer |
| Drive | A location on a network/in a computer that is set aside for the collection/storage of data |
| Hard Drive | The main storage device in a computer |
| Flash Drive | A small/portable version of a standard hard drive |
| Backup | To create a duplicate copy of a file, disk, or drive |
| Laser | The beam that reads and writes/burns bits of information on a disk's surface |
| Binary | A computer processing code consisting of 1's and 0's |
| Boot Process | The start-up/shut down sequence that occurs when you turn on/off a computer |
| CPU | The central processing unit; the brain of the computer; the microprocessor |
| Hertz | A unit of measurement for a computer's processer speed; Gigahertz (GHz), Megahertz (MHz) |
| Motherboard | The printed circuit board on which the CPU, RAM and BIOS chips, and other electronic circuit elements of a computer are attached |
| RAM | Memory that stores program instructions and data temporarily; random access memory |
| ROM | Memory that includes vital/permanent instructions and data; read only memory |
| Sound Card | A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept audio input and produce audio output |
| Graphics Card | A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept video input and produce video output |
| Power Supply | A device that provides power to a computer; the device that charges the battery of a mobile computer |
| GUI | A graphical user interface; user input/output is processed by a computer using |
| Application Software | A computer program that is designed to perform a specific task |
| Desktop | The main work area in graphical user interfaces containing icons, shortcuts, windows, the taskbar and a background image |
| Icon | A picture or symbol on the desktop that represents a shortcut to programs, folders, files, or websites |
| Start Button | The button at the bottom left corner of the windows desktop |
| Start Menu | The home menu that grants users access to all components of a computer |
| Taskbar | The bar on the desktop that contains the start button and serves as a home base for open applications and basic computer gadgets (date, time, battery, and Wi-Fi notifications) |
| Title Bar | The bar at the top of a program window that displays the file name |
| Scroll Bar | A vertical or horizontal bar on a window which slides and allows you to see information that is currently out of view |
| Scroll | To move up/down/left/right on the screen |
| Menu Bar | The bar in a program window that contains drop down lists of command choices |
| Minimize Button | The button at the top-right corner of most windows that reduces the window to a button on the taskbar |
| Maximize Button | The button at the top-right corner of most windows that causes it to expand to the full size of the desktop |
| Restore Button | The button at the top-right corner of most windows that causes a maximized window to remain open but to occupy less than the entire desktop |
| File | A single collection of data given a name and stored on a computer; software output |
| .jpg | A common file extension for pictures |
| .gif | A common file extension for animations |
| .mp3 | A common file extension for audio clips |
| .mov | A common file extension for movies |
| Save As | To save a new version of a file with a different name or in a different location |
| Folder | A container for files and other folders; a directory; a subdivision of a drive that stores items |
| Hyperlink | A text shortcut in a document/website that links you to separate program, document, website, or section of the same document/website |
| Operating System | Software used to control the computer and its peripheral equipment; Windows, OS X, Linux |
| Pixels | A picture element (dot) on a computer screen or printout; groups compose the images on the monitor and the output of a printout |
| Save | To store information to a drive for later use; to transfer data from the RAM to the hard drive |
| Resolution | The density of pixels on a computer's screen; measured by the number of dots per inch |
| Program | To create instructions telling the computer's hardware and software how to interact; coding |
| Edit | To make changes in any type of file/document |
| Formatting | The process of preparing a disk/drive for reading and writing, it will erase all data and information on the disk/drive |
| Multitasking | When a user issues a command to the computer that it then processes while it continues running other applications; using more than one application at a time |
| HOST | What all viruses must attach themselves to in order to reproduce, spread, and infect computers |
| BOOT SECTOR | Infects the computer's boot, thus effecting the computer's ability to turn on and load data |
| FILE INFECTOR | Infects executable files (apps/programs) causing permanent damage and making them unusable |
| MACRO | Infects programs and adds code to their macros (or automated tasks) |
| STEALTH | Attacks operating system functions and tries to hide from anti-virus and anti-malware programs |
| LOGIC BOMB | Executes to infect a computer after a pre-determined condition is met |
| TIME BOMB | Executes to infect a computer at a pre-determined date and/or time |
| POLY-MORPHIC | Duplicates itself and constantly changes its own binary code to avoid detection |
| ARMORED | Designed to be difficult to reverse engineer, analyze, detect, and decrypt with large amounts of misleading code |
| CAVITY | Attempts to "hide" itself in empty lines of code within legitimate programs/apps |
| TUNNELING | Launch themselves under anti-virus programs (in the DOS and BIOS) to intercept normal operating system functions |
| TROJAN HORSE | Misleads users by pretending to be a legitimate program/app |
| WORM | A stand-alone virus that DOESN'T need a host to replicate itself and spread to other computers |
| MALWARE | Any malicious program designed to damage/disable computers and systems |
| ADWARE | Displays and/or downloads unwanted advertising material when a user is online |
| RANSOMWARE | Designed to block a user's access to their computer (or threatens to publish personal information) unless a sum of money is paid |
| SPYWARE | Discreetly gathers personal information about a user without their knowledge |
| Network | Two or more computers/devices that are connected for the purpose of sharing data, software programs, and processing power |
| LAN | A network in which the connected computers are physically close to each other, usually in the same building; local area network |
| WAN | A network in which the connected computers are physically far away from to each other; wide area network |
| Internet | The global system of interconnected computer networks that use the IP Addresses to link billions of devices worldwide |
| IP Address | A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer/device using the Internet |
| Domain | The suffix of an internet address that identifies/categorizes websites; .com .org .edu .gov |
| Cookie | A message sent from a web server to a browser and stored on a user's hard drive, usually containing information about the user |
| URL | A unique name for locating an item, such as a page of text or graphics, anywhere on the internet; uniform resource locator |
| Router | A device that enables computers to interpret data they receive or send to/from a network |
| Encryption | The process of scrambling or hiding information so that it cannot be understood without the key necessary to change it back into its original form |
| Wi-Fi | A wireless network connection available to mobile computers and other devices |
| Streaming | Downloading media (such as video or audio) from the internet while it is simultaneously playing on your computer/device |
| Short Message Service | A text messaging service component of phone, web, or mobile communication systems; SMS |
| An electronic message sent using a network such as the Internet | |
| Spam | Irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of recipients |
| Search Engine | A web site that collects and organizes a list of content from all over the internet |
| Social Network | An online service that allow users to interact with each other and store/share data |
| Host | The item to which computer viruses attach; inadvertently downloads/executes a virus |
| Antivirus Software | A computer program that is designed to scan a computer's memory and hard drive to identify, isolate, and eliminate viruses |
| Firewall | A method for preventing hostile programs from entering a network; filters out suspicious packets/data |
| Hacker | A person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data |
Created by:
TheMsAllsop
Popular Computers sets