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Anatomy -Nightingale
Midterm Physiology cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The chest is ________ to the abdomen. | superior |
| An example of a tissue in the body is | epithelium. |
| A coronal section through the human body can | pass through both ears. |
| The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the _____ cavities. | abdominal and pelvic |
| The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a vertebral cavity | true |
| The ________ system is involved in immunity. | lymphatic |
| Regarding directional terms, superior means | toward the head. |
| Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? | gallbladder |
| As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to | the infero-medial aspect of the back. |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | axial and appendicular. |
| The sternal region is ________ to the scapular region. | anterior |
| Anatomy is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism. | structure |
| Which organ is not found in the ventral body cavity? | spinal cord |
| Another name for the midsagittal plane is | median |
| Muscles are ________ to the skin. | deep |
| The brain is ________ to the skull. | deep |
| The space that encloses the brain and spinal cord forms one continuous cavity called the _____ cavity. | dorsal |
| The inguinal region lies | where the thigh joins the trunk. |
| All of the following are characteristics of human life except | synthesis by scientists. |
| The plane that divides the body into front and back portions is the _____ plane. | coronal |
| A frontal plane is the same as a ________ plane | coronal |
| Physiology is defined as the study of the _____ of a living organism | Function |
| The body as a whole can be subdivided into two major divisions. They are | axial and appendicular. |
| The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region. | superior |
| Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? | developmental anatomy |
| _____ refers to an inner region of an organ, whereas _____ refers to an outer region or layer of an organ. | Medullary; cortical |
| Acids: | are proton donors. taste sour. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. Correct! All of the above are true of acids. |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | Zinc |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | protons. |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water. |
| An example of an element would be: | Ne. |
| As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the: | solution becomes more acidic. |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2. |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons, _____ neutrons, and _____ electrons. | 12; 13; 10 |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two. |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. Correct! all of the above. |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? | High specific heat High heat of vaporization Strong polarity Correct! All of the above |
| In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will: | turn blue. |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism. anabolism. ATP requirements. Correct answer is all of the above. |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons. |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): | electron. |
| Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? | Helium |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases. |
| The octet rule refers to the: | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons. |
| Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? | Iron |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share | electrons. |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule: | faces the exterior of the cell. faces the interior of the cell. is in the center of the phospholipid bilayer. Correct! both A and B. |
| Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function? | Cell division |
| The cell extension that assists epithelial cells in absorption is called: | microvilli. |
| Which of the following is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | It makes lipids and carbohydrates. |
| The fundamental organizational unit of life is the: | cell |
| The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a: | female sex cell or ovum. |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the: | glycoprotein molecules. |
| The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called: | microvilli. |
| Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by: | desmosomes. |
| Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus? | Lysosomes |
| A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read: | microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. |
| Main cell structures include all of the following except: | interstitial fluid. |
| The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the: | lysosome. |
| The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center. | centrosome |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called: | cilia. |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle? | Mitochondrion |
| The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily? | Cholesterol |
| Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called: | caveolae. |
| Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells? | Immune cells |
| The structure that separates the contents of a cell from the surrounding tissue is known as: | plasma membrane. |
| Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome? | Breaking down abnormal and misfolded proteins released from the ER Looks like a hollow cylindrical drum made of protein subunits Requires the small protein called ubiquitin to pull proteins in Correct! All of the above are structures or funct |
| The nucleolus is composed chiefly of: | rRNA. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins | Acting as receptors Signal transduction Identification of “self” Correct! All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins. |
| Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function? | All of these are functions of rafts |
| Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell? | Proteasomes |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | chromatin. |
| The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are | ribosomes. lysosomes. peroxisomes. Correct! both B and C. |
| The nucleolus is composed chiefly of: | rRNA. |
| Which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins? | All of the above are functions of the integral membrane proteins. |
| Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function? | All of these are functions of rafts |
| Granules or threads within the nucleus are called: | chromatin. |
| The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are: | ribosomes. lysosomes. peroxisomes. Correct! both B and C. |
| The inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? | Mitochondrion |
| Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow? | Primary cilium |
| The barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the: | phospholipid bilayer. |
| DNA is a major constituent of which cell organelle? | Nucleus |
| Which of the following is not true about ribosomes? | Surrounded by a membrane structure |
| Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?” | Microfilament |
| Which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Provides a site for ribosome attachment |
| The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the: | peroxisomes. |
| Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the | lanugo. |
| Which of the following is an example of a serous membrane? | All of these are examples of a serous membrane |
| Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis? | stratum corneum |
| The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer. | reticular |
| The tip of the nose and the external ear are composed of | elastic cartilage. |
| The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands. | sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous |
| Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue? | cardiac |
| Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules? | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the | basement membrane. |
| The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is | fibrocartilage. |
| The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the | hypodermis |
| Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the | epidermis |
| The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix. |
| A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called | mucus. |
| The two major categories of body membranes are | epithelial and connective |
| Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the | arrector pili muscle |
| The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron. |
| Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a | matrix. |
| Adipose tissue is | a storage tissue. |
| Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? | epithelial |
| Which of the following tissues lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? | cartilage |
| The _____ junction “glues” the epidermis and dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis. | dermoepidermal |
| Which of the following contains intercalated disks? | cardiac muscle |
| The basic determinant of skin color is | melanin. |
| The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the | cerumen. |
| All glands in the body can be classified as either | exocrine or endocrine. |
| The most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | connective. |
| Which of the following is not a primary germ layer? | epiderm |
| Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue? | cardiac |
| The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and | epidermis |
| If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a | female. |
| Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called | osteons |
| Which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate? | palatine |
| Which of the following is not a type of bone? | regular |
| Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? | femur |
| What structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in their arched positions? | ligaments and tendons |
| Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| Which of the following is a facial bone? | zygomatic bone |
| Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs? | Floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum. |
| The most common type of cartilage is | hyaline. |
| The very small bone that lies just posterior and lateral to each nasal bone is the | lacrimal. |
| The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the | lumbar vertebrae. |
| Which of the following bones form the framework of the hand? | metacarpals |
| Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist? | carpals |
| The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the | pubic symphysis. |
| Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the | sternum. |
| Which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium? | sphenoid |
| Fibrocartilage can be found in the | symphysis pubis. |
| Which of the following is not a bone in the leg? | mandible |
| The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the | sternum. |
| Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton | vertebra |
| Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones. | thumb |
| The extracellular components of bone matrix are | hard and calcified. |
| Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue. | connective |
| Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally? | fibula |
| Which of the following is not a bone in the skull | clavicle |
| Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle | clavicle and scapula |
| Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called | myeloid tissue. |
| Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed? | pubis |
| The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the | diaphysis. |
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Chellesgift
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