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ECS Course
State Test & SLO Vocabulary Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| .gif | A common file extension for animations |
| .jpg | A common file extension for pictures |
| .mov | A common file extension for movies |
| .mp3 | A common file extension for audio clips |
| Adware | Software that automatically displays or downloads unwanted ads |
| Algorithm | A process, formula, or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer. |
| Antivirus Software | A computer program that is designed to scan a computer's memory and hard drive to identify, isolate, and eliminate viruses |
| Application Software | A computer program that is designed to perform a specific task |
| Artificial Intelligence | A subdiscipline of computer science that attempts to simulate human thinking |
| ASCII | A code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127 |
| Augmentation | The action or process of making or becoming greater in size or amount |
| Automation | The use of technology to ease human labor or to extend the mental or physical capabilities of humans |
| Backup | To create a duplicate copy of a file, disk, or drive |
| Bias | Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. |
| Binary | A method of representing data in which only the digits 0 and 1 are used. |
| Binary Search | An algorithm method for finding the position of a specified value within a sorted list (array). Compares the search value with the key value of the middle of the array. |
| Bit | A binary digit; a 0 or a 1; the smallest amount of data a computer can process/store |
| Boolean Logic | Uses operators such as AND, OR, NOT, and quotation marks to narrow down search results |
| Boot Process | The start-up/shut down sequence that occurs when you turn on/off a computer |
| Browser | A software program with a graphical user interface (GUI) for displaying HTML files, used to navigate the internet. |
| Bug | A defect (or a problem) in the code or routine of a program. |
| Byte | Approximately 8 bits of processed data/storage space on a computer; one character on a computer |
| Code | A collection of computer instructions written using human compatible computer language. |
| Communication | The meaningful transfer of information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, using speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior |
| Computer | A programmable machine that receives input, stores and changes data, and provides output in a useful format. |
| Conditional Statement | A set of rules performed if a certain condition is met. IF a condition is met THEN an action is performed |
| Cookie | A message sent from a web server to a browser and stored on a user's hard drive, usually containing information about the user |
| Copyright | The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same. |
| CPU | The part of the computer that interprets & executes instructions (the brain of the computer), also called the microprocessor. |
| Creative Commons | A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created |
| CSS | Cascading Style Sheets; a language used to describe how HTML elements should be styled |
| CSS Class | An identifier that allows multiple elements in an HTML document to be styled in the same way |
| CSS Selector | The part of a CSS rule-set that defines which HTML elements the style should be applied to |
| Data | Information that can be read, used, and manipulated by a computer for reference, analysis, or communication. |
| Debugging | Finding and fixing problems in your algorithm or program |
| Decimal | A term that describes the base-10 number system that consists of ten single-digit numbers. |
| Decompose | Break a problem down into smaller pieces |
| Design | The purpose, planning, or intention that leads to the creation of an action, fact, project, or material object |
| Desktop | The main work area in graphical user interfaces containing icons, shortcuts, windows, the taskbar and a background image |
| Dijkstra's Algorithm | A search algorithm that finds the shortest distance between two or more items, vertexes, or nodes. This creates a "minimal spanning tree" or "shortest path". |
| Domain | The suffix of an internet address that identifies/categorizes websites; .com .org .edu .gov |
| Drive | A location on a network/in a computer that is set aside for the collection/storage of data |
| An electronic message sent using a network such as the Internet | |
| Edit | To make changes in any type of file/document |
| Encryption | The process of scrambling data and converting it into "ciphertext" so that it cannot be understood (by unauthorized people) without a key |
| File | A single collection of data given a name and stored on a computer; software output |
| File Address | A way to identify the specific location of a file on a computer. |
| File Extension | Identifies the types of files saved on a computer (.jpg .mp3 .pdf). |
| Firewall | A method for preventing hostile programs from entering a network; filters out suspicious packets/data |
| Flash Drive | A small/portable version of a standard hard drive |
| Flowchart | A diagram that represents an algorithm; a step-by-step approach to solving a task\ |
| Folder | A container for files and other folders; a directory; a subdivision of a drive that stores items |
| Formatting | The process of preparing a disk/drive for reading and writing, it will erase all data and information on the disk/drive |
| Function | A "self-contained" module of code that accomplishes a specific task |
| Gigabyte | Equal to approximately one billion bytes (or 1000 MB) of data. |
| Globalization | The process of philosophy, religion, language, the arts, technology and other aspects of culture spreading and mixing across the globe as nations exchange products, ideas, resources, and technology. |
| Graphics Card | A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept video input and produce video output |
| GUI | A graphical user interface; user input/output is processed by a computer using |
| Hacker | A person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data |
| Hard Drive | The main storage device in a computer |
| Hardware | The physical components that make up a computer system. |
| Headings | HTML tags used to indicate sections of a page; each heading name indicates its level in a hierarchy; indicates text size/style; h1, h2, h3, etc... |
| Hertz | A unit of measurement for a computer's processer speed; Gigahertz (GHz), Megahertz (MHz) |
| Host | What viruses must attach themselves to in order to reproduce, spread, and infect computers. |
| HTML | Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages. |
| HTML Element | A piece of a website, marked by a start tag and often closed with an end tag |
| HTML Tag | The special set of characters that indicates the start and end of an HTML element and that element's type |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol or set of rules used for transmitting files (text,. graphics, sound, video, web pages, etc...) over the Internet |
| Hyperlink | A block of text or a graphic that takes the user to a new location to an internal or external page when clicked |
| Hyperlink | A text shortcut in a document/website that links you to separate program, document, website, or section of the same document/website |
| Icon | A picture or symbol on the desktop that represents a shortcut to programs, folders, files, or websites |
| Input | Information/commands entered in to a computer |
| Input Device | A device used to insert data into a computer; keyboard, mouse, microphone |
| Intelligence | The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. |
| Internet | The global system of interconnected computer networks that use the IP Addresses to link billions of devices worldwide |
| IP Address | A unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer/device using the Internet |
| Iterate | The repetition of a function or piece of code in a program |
| Kilobyte | Equal to approximately 1000 bytes of data. |
| LAN | A network in which the connected computers are physically close to each other, usually in the same building; local area network |
| Linear Search | An algorithm method for finding a particular value in a list (sequential search). Checks every element, one at a time and in sequence (sorted or unsorted), until the desired result is found. |
| Loop | A programming sequence that repeats a group of commands |
| Malware | Software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems |
| Megabyte | Equal to approximately one million bytes (or 1000 KB) of data. |
| Metadata | A set of data that describes and gives information about other data. |
| Modeling | The art or activity of using math, ratios, input, and data to create something |
| Motherboard | The printed circuit board on which the CPU, RAM and BIOS chips, and other electronic circuit elements of a computer are attached |
| Multitasking | When a user issues a command to the computer that it then processes while it continues running other applications; using more than one application at a time |
| Netiquette | The correct or acceptable way of communicating on the Internet. |
| Network | Two or more computers/devices that are connected for the purpose of sharing data, software programs, and processing power |
| Online Presence | Information about a certain person that is available online (aka. Digital Footprint). This includes information posted BY individuals, accounts on multiple websites CREATED by an individual, and information posted ABOUT an individual. |
| Operating System | System software that controls the execution of computer programs and allows hardware and software to communicate |
| Operator | A symbol that represents a computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation. |
| Output | Useful information/data that leaves the computer (Printing, Uploading, Exporting). |
| Output Device | A hardware component that allows the user to view, hear, or touch the information resulting from the computer's processes |
| Peripheral Device | Any input, output, and/or secondary storage devices that plugs into a computer; keyboard, monitor, flash drive |
| Physical Computing | Building interactive physical systems by the use of software and hardware that can sense and respond to the analog world |
| Pixels | A picture element (dot) on a computer screen or printout; groups compose the images on the monitor and the output of a printout |
| Power Supply | A device that provides power to a computer; the device that charges the battery of a mobile computer |
| Privacy | A branch of data security concerned with the proper handling of data - consent, notice, and regulation. |
| Program | Provide a computer (or other machine) with coded instructions for the automatic performance of a particular task |
| Prototype | An early model/estimate of a final product/system; often built for demonstration purposes |
| Pseudocode | A blend of English and code used to write down an algorithm for a program. |
| RAM | Memory that stores program instructions and data temporarily; random access memory |
| Resolution | The density of pixels on a computer's screen; measured by the number of dots per inch |
| RGB | A numeric representation of a color based on Red, Green, and Blue values. |
| ROM | Memory that includes vital/permanent instructions and data; read only memory |
| Router | A device that enables computers to interpret data they receive or send to/from a network |
| Save | To store information on a hard/flash drive for later use; to transfer data from the RAM to the hard drive |
| Save As | To save a new version of a file with a different name or in a different location |
| Scroll | To move up/down/left/right on the screen |
| Search Engine | A website that collects and organizes content from all over the internet in a searchable database. |
| Sensor | A device that responds to a physical stimulus (as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or a particular motion) and transmits data to a microprocessor (computer) |
| Server | A computer specifically designed to serve many different computers in a network by running specialized software and managing information |
| Social Network | An online service that allow users to interact with each other and store/share data |
| Software | Digitally stored instructions telling the computer how to accomplish specific tasks; programs, applications |
| Sort | The arrangement of data in a category/order/sequence. |
| Sound Card | A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept audio input and produce audio output |
| Sprite | A computer graphic that may be moved on-screen and otherwise manipulated or changed. |
| Storage Device | A hardware component that is used to store/save data, information, and instructions long-term |
| Syntax | The arrangement of words, numbers, symbols, and phrases to create code. |
| Terabyte | Equal to approximately one trillion bytes (or 1000 GB) of data. |
| Tools | A device (instrument, gadget, machine, contraption, etc...) used to carry out a particular function |
| Trojan Horse | A malicious software program that pretends to perform a useful task or be legitimate when it is in fact carrying out a secret destructive act |
| Turing Test | A test for computer intelligence: a human should be unable to distinguish the machine from another human by using replies to questions |
| UI Designer | User Interface Designer; primarily concerned with how a product is laid out |
| URL | A unique name for locating an item, such as a page of text or graphics, anywhere on the internet; uniform resource locator |
| User | Anyone who interacts with a computer (via hardware or software) |
| User Interface | The place where interaction between humans and machines occurs. Requires the use of input devices and software. |
| UX Designer | User Experience Designer; primarily concerned with how a product feels |
| Validity | Being logically or factually sound; making sense and presenting true facts or information about a subject. |
| Variable | An item that may take on more than one value (or identity) during the running of a program. |
| Virus | A malicious software program that executes destructive actions and replicates itself without the knowledge of the computer user |
| WAN | A network in which the connected computers are physically far away from to each other; wide area network |
| Web 2.0 | The change from static web pages (websites to look at) to dynamic web pages (websites to interact WITH) with user-generated content and social networking. |
| Web Developer | A person that uses code to design what a website looks like and how it functions. Back End; Front End; Full Stack |
| Website Evaluation: Accuracy | The information is free of factual errors, the conclusions appear to be well-reasoned and supported by the facts presented, and the information is properly referenced/cited |
| Website Evaluation: Appearance | The site has a professional appearance and uses proper grammar, spelling, and composition |
| Website Evaluation: Authority | The author has appropriate qualifications with respect to the information being presented |
| Website Evaluation: Coverage | The information presented is comparable to information on the same topic presented on other websites |
| Website Evaluation: Currency | The information up to date |
| Website Evaluation: Objectivity | The information is free from obvious bias |
| Website Evaluation: Purpose | To inform or give factual information |
| Wi-Fi | A wireless network connection available to mobile computers and other devices |
| Worm | A malicious software program that does not require a host and reproduces itself; it travels independently over computer networks and seeks out uninfected workstations to occupy |
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