click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CB5F
Pearson GCSE Combined Science Biology Foundation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Which cell structure is found in plant and animal cells but not in bacterial cells? | Which cell structure is found in plant and animal cells but not in bacterial cells? (nucleus) |
Give one example of a disease that can be caught from another person. | (any communicable/infectious disease, e.g. flu or a cold) |
Give an example of a disease that is not passed from person to person. | (any non-communicable disease, e.g. cancer, diabetes) |
Name a type of organism that can cause disease. | (any one from: bacterium, virus, protist, fungus) |
Suggest one way in which infectious diseases are spread. | (any suitable method, e.g. by sneezing, in air, in water, by touching faeces) |
What might a doctor give to someone who has a bacterial disease? | (antibiotic) |
Give one symptom of flu. | (any one from: high temperature/fever, aches, runny nose, sore throat) |
What does the immune system do? | (protect against infection) |
Which term describes bacteria that are not harmed by an antibiotic? | (antibiotic resistant) |
Describe one thing you can do to stay healthy. | (any suitable answer such as: avoid infection, get regular exercise, eat a good diet, avoid stress) |
Which term means when part or all of the body is not working properly for a reason other than injury? | (disease) |
Lung cancer, as a result of smoking, is which kind of disease? | (non-communicable/lifestyle disease) |
Which kinds of disease do pathogens cause? | (communicable/infectious diseases) |
What is meant when two factors are correlated? | (they change in a similar way) |
Give one reason why a person with one disease may be more likely to get another disease. | (anything similar to: first disease damages immune system, first disease damages natural barriers to infection, first disease damages organ system) |
What is meant by causation? | (a change in something makes something else happen) |
The WHO definition of health includes physical well-being. Give an example of physical well-being. | (anything similar to: absence of disease, healthy diet, sleeping well, regular activity, limiting the intake of harmful substances) |
Give an example of social well-being. | (anything similar to: how well you get on with people, how your surroundings affect you) |
Give an example of mental well-being. | (anything similar to: feeling happy, feeling good about yourself) |
Scurvy and anaemia are non-communicable diseases. What other sort of disease can they be classified as? | (deficiency diseases/diseases due to poor diet) |
Is alcoholic liver cirrhosis a communicable or non-communicable disease? | (non-communicable) |
Which type of disease is passed from parent to offspring in their genes? | (genetic disease) |
What causes malnutrition? | (a poor diet/diet without the right balance of nutrients) |
What causes a deficiency disease? | (not getting enough of a nutrient from food) |
Give one example of a deficiency disease. | (any suitable answer such as anaemia, kwashiorkor, scurvy) |
Give an example of a lifestyle factor that is linked to disease. | (any suitable answer such as diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption) |
If the amount of alcohol a person drinks increases, how will their risk of liver disease change? | (increase) |
What is the function of the liver that makes it particularly likely to be damaged by alcohol? | (It breaks down toxic substances including alcohol.) |
Describe one problem that alcohol consumption causes for society. | (any suitable answer such as cost of treating people with liver disease, loss of working days, increased risk of deaths by drink driving) |
What is cardiovascular disease? | (disease of the heart and/or circulatory system) |
Is cardiovascular disease communicable or non-communicable? | (non-communicable) |
Name two ways of measuring obesity. | (BMI and waist : hip ratio) |
How does diet affect obesity? | (Eating too much increases mass/obesity.) |
How does exercise affect obesity? | (More exercise can decrease obesity.) |
How is obesity correlated with cardiovascular disease? | (Increasing obesity increases the risk of disease.) |
How is smoking tobacco correlated with cardiovascular disease? | (The more a person smokes, the greater the person’s risk of cardiovascular disease.) |
Name two different types of treatment for cardiovascular disease. | (any two from: bypass surgery or stent surgery; lifelong medication such as to prevent blood clots or reduce blood pressure; lifestyle changes such as giving up smoking, increasing exercise or changing diet) |
What is a pathogen? | (a microorganism that causes disease in/harms the body) |
Are diseases caused by pathogens communicable or non-communicable? | (communicable) |
Which type of pathogen is HIV? | (virus) |
Which type of pathogen causes malaria? | (protist) |
Which species is affected by chalara dieback? | (ash trees) |
Which type of pathogen causes cholera? | (bacterium) |
Which organ does tuberculosis damage? | (lungs) |
Which pathogen causes haemorrhagic fever? | (Ebola virus) |
What are the symptoms of malaria? | (damage to blood and liver, fever) |
What are the symptoms of infection by Helicobacter? | (stomach ulcers) |
How can the spread of chalara dieback be reduced or prevented? | (by destroying infected wood) |
Why does killing mosquitoes help prevent malaria? | (It stops the malaria pathogen being spread.) |
Which term means using evidence to suggest what is causing infection? | (diagnosis) |
Name two environmental causes of damage to crop plants. | (any two suitable such as: nutrient deficiency, drought, waterlogging, heat stress, cold, wind) |
Describe one visible symptom of disease on the leaves of a crop plant. | (any one suitable, such as yellow/non-green leaves, curled leaves, spotted leaves) |
How could a farmer check if unhealthy leaves on a crop were caused by lack of nitrogen? | (soil nutrient test) |
Which term means looking at how a disease spreads through a crop over time? | (distribution analysis) |
Suggest one lab test that might identify the pathogen causing plant disease. | (any one suitable such as: visual identification, genetic analysis) |
Describe one physical barrier that plants have to infection. | (any one from cuticle, cell wall) |
Give one example of an STI – sexually transmitted infection. | (any one suitable such as: AIDS/HIV, Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis) |
Which barrier to infection traps pathogens and dirt in the lungs? | (mucus) |
Name a chemical defence against infection in the stomach. | (hydrochloric acid) |
Which barrier to infection covers the body? | (skin) |
Why does that barrier protect against infection? | (thick/difficult for pathogens to get through) |
How are trapped pathogens moved out of the lungs? | (movement of cilia) |
How does the chemical defence in the stomach help to protect against infection? | (It is highly acidic, which kills many pathogens.) |
Which chemical defence against infection is found in tears and saliva? | (lysozyme) |
How does this chemical defence protect against infection? | (The enzyme breaks down bacterial cell walls.) |
How are Chlamydia and HIV transmitted? | (sexually transmitted infections/STIs) |
Explain one way that the spread of Chlamydia or HIV could be reduced or prevented. | (any answer that indicates prevention of contact with sexual fluids, or infected breast milk to a baby) |
What usually triggers an immune response? | (presence of pathogen/antigen in body) |
What name is given to the molecules released into the blood by immune system cells? | (antibodies) |
Which type of blood cell is important in the immune response? | (white blood cell/lymphocyte) |
What name is given to the molecules on pathogens that the immune system responds to? | (antigen) |
Which cells are left in the blood after an infection has been cleared? | (memory lymphocytes) |
What is the function of the cells left in the blood after infection? | (to protect against further infection by the same pathogen) |
Does immunity to one pathogen make you immune to other pathogens? | (no [usually]) |
Give two ways that a secondary response differs from a primary response to an infection. | (faster and much larger production of antibodies) |
Which name is given to the inactive form of a pathogen used in immunisation? | (vaccine) |
Why are people immunised against diseases? | (to stop them being ill if they are infected with particular pathogens) |
Which medicines are used to treat infections caused by bacteria? | (antibiotics) |
When possible new medicines are being developed, what are they tested on in the first stage of testing? | (cell/tissue cultures) |