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Art General
For Academic Decathlon 2020-21
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Abstract Expressionism? | An American art movement of the 1940s and 1950s (sometimes referred to as the New York School or action painting), encompassing a number of different styles but all linked by their use of abstract idioms to convey emotional or expressive content; the |
| What is abstraction? | A mode of artmaking that avoids discernible content. |
| What is 'Art Informel'? | A European art movement (named by critic Michel Tapié) that flourished from the mid-1940s through the 1950s; it called for the artist’s active wrestling with the complicated, messy experience of the modern world by expressing the artist’s impulses |
| What is Auto-Destructive Art? | A form of art that uses self-destruction as its central principle, either through natural decomposition or through an artist’s actions; it was first articulated by the artist Gustav Metzger in a manifesto. For Metzger, Auto-Destructive |
| What is autonomy? | A principle of Modernist art, articulated by critics like Clement Greenberg, in which the artwork does not refer to things in the world or attempt to teach or convince the viewer of any particular message; rather, autonomous art concerns i |
| What is avant-garde? | a term used to refer to radical art that challenges dominant modes of thinking and producing art; it comes from the military term for a small, highly skilled group of soldiers that goes ahead of the rest to explore terrain and warn of possible d |
| What is binary logic? | A mode of thinking common in the polarized Cold War world, in which every aspect of life and culture could be reduced to good or evil, depending on the political side with which one agreed. |
| What is body art? | A type of performance art in which the artist uses his or her own body or those of the audience as the basis or medium for the artwork. |
| What is Capitalist Realism? | A short-lived form of German Pop Art advocated by Gerhard Richter, Konrad Lueg, and Sigmar Polke, among others, that used mass-produced imagery; the artists staged an art exhibition in a department store in order to parody the consumerism of Ger |
| What is censorship? | A form of political control over the free expression of ideas; throughout the Cold War, totalitarian societies used censorship to quash political or dissenting speech and art that did not follow the proscribed dictates. Ho |
| What is circulation? | The modes by which ideas, objects, and currency travel through society. |
| What is Conceptual Art? | A form of art that began to be produced around the mid-1960s that deemphasized art’s material properties and the viewer’s perceptual encounter with the artwork in favor of an art that explored ideas, including the artwork’s political and social |
| What is consumerism? | A preoccupation with acquiring consumer goods, especially in American and European societies transformed by postwar prosperity. |
| What is democratic personality? | A Cold War-era social theory that held that citizens could avoid falling prey to authoritarian impulses if they developed their freedom of choice and powers of independent thinking. |
| What is Existentialism? | A philosophy developed by Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus that emphasized the individual and the individual’s ability to act in a modern world full of trauma and grief. |
| What is figuration? | A style of painting that uses certain visual conventions to represent things or figures in the world; the opposite of abstraction. |
| What is First World, Second World, and Third World? | Terms used in reference to the postwar division of the world by Cold War logic, in which America, Western Europe, and the British Commonwealth countries like Australia and Canada were considered the First World; the Soviet |
| What is Fluxus? | An international avant-garde art movement of the 1960s and 1970s that included artists from New York, Germany, and Japan whose activities often included concerts and festivals of performance. |
| What is formalism? | An approach to art that emphasized its formal or material qualities over any social or political message; the term was often used as a pejorative by Soviet Critics to emphasize the supposed lack of political messages in Western mo |
| What is global village? | A term coined by the media theorist Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s to suggest the potential for the mass circulation and consumption of images, media, and content by global audiences to bring people together into |
| What is Gutai Art Association? | A group of avant-garde Japanese artists active in Osaka between 1954 and 1972, led by Yoshihara Jirō; these artists experimented with performance art and action painting as well as traditional Japanese artistic traditions |
| What is ideology? | A system of ideas or beliefs related to politics and society that often serves as the basis for action. |
| What is Independent Group? | A loosely affiliated group of artists, critics, and architects that formed in 1952 at the Institute of Contemporary Art in London as an alternative to the institute’s official lecture series and met as an informal discussion group until 1955; |
| What is kinetic sculpture? | Works of art that contain motion brought about by mechanical means or the environment; these works can be machines, mobiles, or other objects or phenomena in real motion. |
| What is Marshall Plan (1948–51)? | A program of financial aid provided by the United States to help to rebuild the economies of Europe after the Second World War. |
| What is Modernism? | A broad cultural project that arose in Europe at the end of the eighteenth century in response to the great societal processes of Enlightenment and industrialization; Modernism sought to transform the world through the insti |
| What is national culture? | The culture produced by a nation and promoted by institutions like national museums that gives the nation an image of itself and its values; after World War II, many of the national cultures of Europe were discredited because they did not help prev |
| What is Op Art? | Short for “Optical Art,” an international art movement most active in the 1950s and 1960s that took advantage of optical effects or illusions to create works that were perceptually ambiguous or that seemed to vibrate or move with th |
| What is performance art? | Art that involves live events, happenings, actions, or other types of “presentations” by artists, extending the boundaries of the traditional mediums of painting and sculpture into time and space and sometimes involving the audience as participa |
| What is photomontage? | The art of combining images from different photographic sources, such as mass-market magazines or newspapers, to create a composite image that often creates a new and unexpected meaning. |
| What is Pop Art? | An international art movement that flourished in the 1960s, originating in Britain and the U.S., that was inspired by popular or mass cultural imagery, commercial design, and printing and that rejected the strong division between Modernist |
| What is 'samizdat'? | A Russian term meaning “self-published,” referring to publications that were not published by the official Soviet publishing industry, but by private citizens, often using typewriters and carbon paper to make multiple copies at once |
| What is site-specific? | When an artwork’s meaning is inextricably linked to the physical site for which it was created, and often also the site’s historical, cultural, and political histories. |
| What is Socialist Realism? | The official style of Soviet art, proclaimed by Andrei Zhdanov in an address to the first congress of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1934; the style aimed “to depict reality in its revolutionary development”; although the exact style was not pr |
| What is Sots Art? | An unofficial Soviet art movement of the 1970s and 1980s that took its name from the first syllable of the Russian word for Socialist Realism (sotsialistichesky realizm), “sots,” and the “art” from Pop Art. The style, invented by the |
| What is technocracy? | A government run by technical experts or the belief that society would be more efficiently organized if decisions were made based on scientific or technical research. |
| What is video art? | Art that uses video and/or television as its medium, either recording original imagery or using broadcast recordings; video art can be projected in a gallery, distributed as tapes or disks, or integrated into sculptural installations. Nam J |
| What is Viennese Actionism? | A performance art movement of the 1960s that responded to the conservative political and cultural scenes of postwar Austria by using the human body and its various fluids, like blood, sweat, and excrement, in shocking and taboo-breaking |
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