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Art Movements
Art Movements by Characteristics and Time Period
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gothic | Panel painting; stained glass; illuminated manuscripts; Christian themes; architecture characterized by the rib vault and flying buttress; 12th to 16th century |
| Renaissance | Based on Humanism; development of techniques such as perspective, chiaroscuro, and sfumato; patronage from Medici and other families; veneration of human achievement; move towards realism in art; 15th to 17th century |
| Mannerism | Exaggeration of qualities such as balance and proportion; asymmetrical and unnaturally elegant composition; highly stylized poses; lack of clear perspective; ~1520 to the late 16th century |
| Northern Renaissance | Similar to Italian Renaissance; centered in Germany, Netherlands, and England; more literary than visual; Shakespeare and Marlowe dominated in England; late 15th to 16th century |
| Baroque | Contrast, movement, and exuberant detail intended to achieve a sense of awe; encouraged by the Catholic church in response to the Protestant Reformation; early 17th to mid 18th century |
| Rococo | Ornamental and theatrical; combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, and gilding; white and pastel colors; creates surprise and illusion of motion and drama; described as the final expression of the Baroque movement; 18th century |
| Neoclassicism | Emphasizes simplicity and symmetry; subject matter and inspiration derived from Greco-Roman civilization; mid 18th to early 19th century |
| Romanticism | Emphasis on emotion and individualism; glorification of the past and nature; preference to medieval rather than classical age; reaction to Industrial Revolution and Enlightenment; late 18th to early 19th century |
| Realism | Portrayal of real and typical people and situations; depictions of lower and middle classes; focus on unidealized subjects and events; mid to late 19th century |
| Hudson River School | Depictions of the Hudson River Valley and Catskill and Adirondack Mountains; closely related to Luminism; Mid 19th century |
| Impressionism | Small, thin, and visible brush strokes; open composition; emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities; ordinary subject matter; late 19th century |
| Post-Impressionism | Broad emphasis on abstract qualities or symbolic content; reaction against Impressionists' concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color; use of vivid colors and thick application of paint |
| Expressionism | Presents the world from a subjective perspective; distortion for the sake of emotional effect; expressions of angst and despair; early 20th century |
| Tonalism | Depiction of misty landscapes; use of dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown, or blue; 1880s |
| Fauvism | Emphasis on painterly qualities and strong color over representational/realistic values; early 20th century |
| Symbolism | Rejection of Romanticism and Impressionism; usage of cultural or religious symbols as motifs; late 19th century |
| Cubism | Representation of three-dimensional forms; destruction and reassembly of objects in an abstracted form rather than depictions from a single viewpoint; early 20th century |
| Dadaism | Rejection of logic, reason, and aestheticism, expressions of nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in art; early 20th century |
| Futurism | Emphasis on speed, technology, and youth; depictions of cars, airplanes, and industrial cities; early 20th century |
| Surrealism | Unnerving and illogical scenes; elements of surprise and unexpected juxtaposition; early 20th century |
| Ashcan School | Depiction of scenes of daily life in the poorer neighborhoods of New York; early 20th century |
| Art Nouveau | Inspired by natural forms of plants and flowers; sense of dynamism or movement; use of modern materials such as iron, glass, ceramics, and concrete; late 19th to early 20th century |
| Abstract Expressionism | Emphasis on spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation; no meaning besides the physical techniques used to create the work; 1940s |
| Art Deco | Combination of modern styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials; represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress; 1910s to 1930s |
| Pop Art | Includes imagery from popular and mass culture or advertising; use of mechanical means of production or rendering techniques; 1950s |
Created by:
MarioValento
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