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Clin Med 207: GI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Substernal burning sensation, bitter tast, 30-60mins post meals, worse when lying down | Heartburn |
| Treatment for heartburn | Antacids, sleep with extra pillows |
| Problem transferring food bolus from oropharynx to upper esophagus (voluntary swallowing) | Oropharyngeal Dysphagia |
| Neurological problem, swallowing followed by immediate cough/regurgitation, liquids are more a problem, "swallow study" to diagnose | Oropharyngeal Dysphagia |
| Problem with passage of food down esophagus, constant, progressive,difficulty with solids (mechanical), episodic difficulty with solids/liquids (motility) | Esophageal Dysphagia |
| Mechanical esophageal dysphagia is caused by | Schatzki's ring (mucosal ring), peptic stricture, narrowing, or cancer |
| Motility esophageal dysphia is caused by | achalasia (incomplete relaxation of sphincter), esophageal spasm, and scleroderma |
| Epigastric fullness, discomfort after meals, nausea, belching | Dyspepsia |
| Sharp substernal pain on swallowing with severe erosion/inflammation of esophageal mucosa | Odynophagia |
| Causes of odynophagia | infection, caustic injury, pills stuck, esophagitis |
| Direct visualization and biopsy using fibroscopic instrument with light and camera. Pt must be under anesthesia. | EGD |
| EGD is the study of choice for evaluating ______, _______, and ________ | Persistent heartburn, Odynophagia, and structural abnormality on barium |
| Contrast-enhanced radiographic study | Barium Esophagography |
| Test of choice for esophageal dysphagia due to motility problem | Barium Esophagography |
| Test of choice for esophageal dysphagia due to mechanical problem | EGD |
| Small catheter that is passed nasally into esophagus. Records pressure at upper sphincter, body and lower sphincter | Esophageal Manometry |
| Measures esophageal exposure to gastric acid in patients with persistent symptoms of GERD, but normal EGD | 24-hour Esophageal pH recording |
| Inappropriate transient relaxation/opening of lower esophageal sphincter | GERD |
| Clinical features of GERD | Heartburn, Regurgitation, Dysphagia |
| Premalignant complication of chronic GERD that increases risk of adenocarcinoma by 30x | Barrett's Esophagus |
| Treatment of GERD | Antacids, OTC histamine H2 blockers, Proton Pump Inhibitors |
| Most common esophageal cancer in US | Adenocarcinoma |
| A defect in the mucosa of the stomach or duodenum. Normal defensive factors are overwhelmed by acid. | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
| What type of peptic ulcer is more comon in 30-55 age group? | Duodenal Ulcers |
| What type of peptic ulcer is more common in 55-70 age group? | Gastric Ulcers |
| Infection that is the #1 cause of Peptic Ulcer Disease | Helicobacter pylori |
| What NSAID is the most ulcerogenic? | Aspirin |
| Clinical features of a stomach ulcer | Epigastric pain, nausea, vomitting, middle of the night symptoms |
| Diets high in __________ can cause gastric cancer | Dried, smoked and salted food (Japanese)AND nitrates |
| IBD is divided into what two groups? | Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease |
| Patchy, transmural inflammation involving any segment of the GI tract | Crohn's Disease |
| Crohn's disease in all layers of the bowel wall is _____ | transmural |
| A colonic mucousal inflammation | Ulcerative Colitis |
| In 70% of cases, Ulcerative Colitis is positive for ________ | P-ANCA |
| Hallmark Sign of Ulcerative Colitis | Bloody Diarrhea |
| Which form of IBD looks worse? | Crohn's Disease |
| Which form of IBD is more fatal? | Ulcerative Colitis |
| A complication of ulcerative colitis where the colon shuts down and there is lack of defacation for weeks | Toxic Megacolon |
| What ocular pathology is IBD linked to? | Uveitis |
| Most common gastrointestinal cancer | Colon Cancer |
| Risk factors for colon cancer | Over 50, family hx, long standing ulcerative colitis, FAP |
| Results of lab test for Acute Pancreatitis | elevated WBCs, amylase and lipasealc |
| Chronic Pancreatitis is most commonly due to ______ | alcholol |
| Clinical triad of chronic pancreatitis | pain, exocrine insufficiency, and endocrine insufficiency |
| Number one cause of Pancreatic Cancer | Smoking |
| Best way to diagnose Pancreatic Cancer | CT scan |
| Number one cause of Cirrhosis | Alcohol |
| Enlargement of abdomen do to fluid accumulation from blockage of liver | Ascite |
| 3 Hereditary Liver Diseases | Wilson's Disease, Hemochromatosis, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency |
| Caused by impaired excretion of copper into bile | Wilson's Disease |
| Hallmark of Wilson's Disease | Low ceruloplasmin level and high urinary copper |
| Increased intestinal iron absorption | Hemochromatosis |
| Causes iron deposition in tissues leading to fibrosis and organ damage | Hemochromatosis |
Created by:
LaurenLofdahl
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