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OS module 13
Chance Eck - Module 13 Flashcards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| critical applications | Applications that are required to keep a business functioning and that require alternative solutions if they are not functioning. |
| surge protector | A device that protects against voltage spikes by blocking or grounding excessive voltage. Also called surge suppressor. |
| uninterruptible power supply (UPS) | A device that raises the voltage when it drops during brownouts. |
| system image | The backup of the entire Windows volume; it can also include backups of other volumes. The system image works only on the computer that created it and is created using Windows 10/8File History or the Windows Backup and Restore utility. |
| File History | A Windows 10/8 utility that can schedule and maintain backups of data. It can also create a system image for backward compatibility with Windows 7. |
| Backup and Restore | The Windows utility used to create and update scheduled backups of user data and the system image. |
| custom refresh image | In Windows 8, an image of the entire Windows volume, including the Windows installation. The image can be applied during a Windows 8refresh operation. |
| active recovery image | In Windows 8, the custom refresh image of the Windows volume that will be used during a refresh of the Windows installation. Also, see custom refresh image. |
| System Protection | A utility that automatically backs up system files and stores them in restore points on the hard drive at regular intervals and just before you install software or hardware. |
| restore points | A snapshot of the Windows system, usually made before installation of new hardware or applications. Restore points are created by the System Protection utility. |
| System Restore | A Windows utility used to restore the system toa restore point. |
| partition table | A table that contains information about each partition on the drive. For MBR drives, the table is contained in the Master Boot Record. For GPT drives, the table is stored in the GPT header and a backup of the table is stored at the end of the drive. |
| primary partitions | A hard disk partition that can be designated as the active partition. An MBR drive can have up to three primary partitions. In Windows, a GPT drive can have up to 128 primary partitions. Compare with extended partition. |
| extended partition | On an MBR hard drive, the only partition that can contain more than one logical drive. in Windows, a hard drive can have only a single extended partition. Compare with primary partition. |
| logical drives | On an MBR hard drive, a portion or all a hard drive’s extended partition that is treated by the operating system as though it were a physical drive or volume. Each logical drive is assigned a drive letter, such as drive F, and contains a filesystem. Vol. |
| Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GUID or GPT) | See GUID Partition Table (GPT). |
| high-level formatting | A process performed by the Windows Format program, the Windows installation program, or the Disk Management utility. The process creates the boot record, file system, and root directory on a hard drive volume or other storage device. |
| NTFS (New Technology file system) | A file system that supports encryption, disk quotas, and file and folder compression; it is required for the volume that holds a Windows installation. |
| Resilient File System (ReFS) | A file system that offers excellent fault tolerance and compatibility with virtualization and data redundancy in a RAID system; ReFS is included in Windows 10 Pro for Workstations. |
| NFS (Network File System) | A client/server distributed file system that supports file sharing over a network across platforms. For example, a Linux-hosted NFS server can serve up file shares to Windows workstations on the network. Windows 10supports NFS client connections. |
| exFAT | A file system suitable for large external storage devices and compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux. |
| FAT32 | A file system suitable for low-capacity hard drives and other storage devices and supported by Windows, macOS, and Linux. |
| active partition | For MBR hard drives, the primary partition on the drive that boots the OS. Windows calls the active partition the system partition. |
| EFI System Partition (ESP) | For a GPT hard drive, the bootable partition used to boot the OS; ESP contains the boot manager program for the OS. |
| system partition | The active partition of the hard drive, which contains the boot loader or boot manager program and the specific files required to start the Windows launch. |
| BootMgr | The file name of the boot manager program responsible for loading Windows on a Bios system. The file has no file extension. |
| boot partition | The hard drive partition where the Windows OS is stored. The system partition and the boot partition may be different partitions. |
| basic disk | The term Windows uses to describe a hard drive when it is a stand-alone drive in the system. Compare with dynamic disk. |
| mounted drive | A volume that can be accessed by way of a folder on another volume so that the folder has more available space. Also see mount point. |
| mount point | A folder that is used as a shortcut to space on another volume, which effectively increases the size of the folder to the size of the other volume. Also see mounted drive. |
| dynamic disk | A way to partition one or more hard drives so that they can work together to increase space for data storage or to provide fault tolerance or improved performance. Also see RAID. Compare with basic disk. |
| dynamic volumes | A volume type used with dynamic disks by which you can create a single volume that uses space on multiple hard drives. |
| simple volume | A type of volume used on a single hard drive. Compare with dynamic volume. |
| striping | See RAID 0 |
| mirroring | Copying one hard drive to another as a backup. Also called RAID 1. |
| software RAID | Using Windows to implement RAID. The setup is done using the Disk Management utility. |
| hardware RAID | One of two ways to implement RAID. Hardware RAID is more reliable and performs better than software RAID and is implemented using BIOS/UEFI on the motherboard or a Raid controller card. |
| array | A group of hard drives that work together to provide a single storage volume. |
| Storage Spaces | A Windows utility that can create a storage pool using any number of internal or external backup drives. The utility is expected to replace Windows software RAID. |
| Resiliency | In Windows Storage Spaces, the degree to which the configuration can resist or recover from drive failure. |
| thin provisioning | A technique used by Storage Spaces whereby virtual storage space can be made available to users who do not have physical storage allotted to them. When the virtual storage space is close to depletion, the administrator is prompted to install more |
| defragment | A drive maintenance procedure that rearranges fragments or parts of files on a magnetic hard drive so each file is stored on the drive incontiguous clusters. |
| cluster | On a magnetic hard drive, one or more sectors that constitute the smallest unit of space on the drive for storing data (also referred to as a file allocation unit). Files are written to a drive as groups of whole clusters. |
| file allocation unit | See cluster. |
| slack | Wasted space on a hard drive caused by not using all available space at the end of a cluster. |
| trim | To erase entire blocks of unused data on an SSD so that write operations do not have to manage the data. |
| Disk Cleanup | A Windows utility to delete temporary files and free up space on a drive. |
| Defragment and Optimize Drives | See Defrag and Optimization tool. |
| Wildcard | An * or ? character used in a command line that represents a character or group of characters in a file name or extension. |
| Help | A Windows command that gives information about any Windows command. |
| Dir | The Windows command to list files and directories. |
| cd (change directory) | The Windows command to change the current default directory. |
| copy | The Windows command to copy a single file, a group of files, or a folder and its contents. |
| xcopy | A Windows command more powerful than the copy command that is used to copy files and folders. |
| robocopy (robust file copy) | A Windows command that is similar to and more powerful than the xcopy command; it is used to copy files and folders. |
| FAT (file allocation table) | A table on a hard drive or other storage device used by the FAT file system to track the clusters used to contain a file. |
| master file table (MFT) | The database used by the NTFS file system to track the contents of a volume or logical drive. |
| defrag | The Windows command that examines a magnetic hard drive for fragmented files and rewrites these files to the drive in contiguous clusters. |
| shutdown | The Windows command to shut down the local computer or a remote computer. |
| PowerShell | A command-line interface (CLI) that processes objects called cmdlets, which are pre-built programs built on the .NET Framework, rather than processing text in a command line. |
| Cmdlets | Prebuilt scripts (pronounced “command-lets”) written for Windows PowerShell, a command line interface expected to replace the command prompt window. |
| Alias | A nickname or shortcut for a cmdlet in Windows PowerShell. For example, dir is an alias for the Get-ChildItem cmdlet. |
| Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) | A Windows component that supports the Bash on Ubuntu on Windows shell. |
| Bash on Ubuntu on Windows | A Windows 10 shell that uses Ubuntu Bash commands. Ubuntu is a popular distribution of Linux. Also called Bash on Windows and Ubuntu Bash. |
| Remote Desktop Connection (RDC) | A Windows tool that gives a user access to a Windows desktop from anywhere on the Internet. |
| mstsc.exe | A command (mstsc.exe) that allows you to remote into a host computer using Remote Desktop Connection. |
| Microsoft Terminal Services Client | See mstsc (Microsoft Terminal Services Client). |
| Remote Assistance | A Windows tool that allows a technician to remote in to a user’s computer while the user remains signed in, retains control of the session, and can see the screen. This is helpful when a technician is troubleshooting problems on a computer. |
| dynamic volume | A volume type used with dynamic disks by which you can create a single volume that uses space on multiple hard drives. |
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