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Med Surg-Sickle Cell
Sickle Cell - EX#2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Populations at Risk | African, Caribbean, Mediterranean backgrounds |
| Pain | Ischemic |
| 3 Priority Interventions for Sickle Cell Anemia | Oxygen Fluids – IV and PO Pain Management |
| What is sickle cell disease (anemia) | A blood disorder in which the red blood cells are sickle shaped and are unable to move through blood vessels smoothly. |
| Sickled cells | have a shorter life span b/c they are more fragile, causing a deficiency in hemoglobin- |
| Is sickle cell disease a genetic disorder? | YES It's a genetic disorder caused by inheriting a mutated gene that codes for the protein hemoglobin. |
| How is anemia diagnosed? | (1) microscopically looking at the blood for sickle shaped blood cells or (2) performing a hematocrit test (measures the percentage of the volume of whole blood that is made up of red blood cells) - low numbers means sickle cell |
| What are some of the symptoms of SCD? | episodes of severe pain in joints, chest, and abdomen (crises) swelling in hands and feet fatigue red/yellow eyes infection shortness of breath |
| How does having SCD affect daily life? | Loss of spleen, higher risk of stroke, shortness of breath, anemia (because cells die faster), pain (because of clots) |
| Some treatment options for patients w/ SCD | -Medications such as folic acid supplements, antibiotics, hydroxyurea -Blood transfusions: receive blood from other individuals to reduce the amount of sickle cells -Bone marrow transplants |
| Why does a cell become sickled? | mutation in the protein sequence |
| Function of platelets (thrombocytes) | Help with blood clotting by gathering at bleeding site and clumping together. |
| Function of white blood cells (leukocytes) | Defends the body against infection by producing antibodies, which eat foreign substances or dead cells. Increase in # when infection is present. |
| White blood cells | Largest of blood cells |
| Function of red blood cells (erythrocytes) | Contains hemoglobin, a protein that enables it to carry oxygen from lungs to tissues. Also carries carbon dioxide away from tissues and back to lungs. |
| Function of plasma | Helps maintain homeostatic balance. Transports substances such as hormones and nutrients. Allows muscles and nerves to function. Helps a little w/ blood clotting. |
| What are the components of blood? | Plasma Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Platelets (Thrombocytes) |
| Why does the sickling of RBC's cause health problems? | The sickle shaped cells do not move smoothly through blood vessels causing clots The cells also die quicker, causing low oxygen levels due to less hemoglobin |
| What is sickle cell Disease? | A genetic disorder based on a single point mutation in which RBC's take the shape of a sickle cell |
| How do sickle-shaped red blood cells lead to decreased oxygen flow to the blood? | There aren't enough healthy RBC's to carry oxygen throughout the body & sickle shaped cells clot easier |
| What are some struggles with sickle cell anemia? | Bone marrow transplant Joint pains Crises Tons of medicine Blood clots Breathing problems |
| Anemia | A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume. |
| How is anemia diagnosed? | complete blood cell |
Created by:
bolenrocks
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